Curriculum and Evaluation in TESOL - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2817 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Introduction The option of applying strategic techniques in the analysis of problems of the curriculum and the educational process involves a form and style of approach and execution of the curricular. Today, the originality and modernity of the methods for teaching a second language depend on the oral and communicative practice of the language and the practice of grammar. For that reason, it is transcendental to implement the study of the norms and principles that regulate the structure and use of a language, as well as the grammar, that leads to the improvement in the communication and a deeper knowledge of the second language.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Curriculum and Evaluation in TESOL" essay for you Create order Program overview To begin with, the objective of the Masters in Science Program in Teaching English to Students of Other Languages (TESOL) is to train their students to meet the growing demand for qualified educators with cultural competence who can respond to the particular linguistic needs of students with little or no English proficiency (Burns, 2005.  p.3). They will be involved in real activities with the faculty that incorporates new technologies, pedagogical sound, methods of practice and research that are used in this growing field. The TESOL Program has been designed to train students to integrate language acquisition and education with a broad understanding of cultural diversity and special student behavior. The student of the TESOL Program will have to learn special methodologies and interventions that improve the learning of English based on the fundamental concepts of education based on TESOL. Also, the core of Special Education offers the advantage of being able to identify specific behavioral and emotional difficulties for children. The TESOL program has been made to fit the itinerary of each person, thus allowing the study at its own pace (Ho, 2002. p. 284). This flexibility means that you can continue your career at the same time you get a degree. The faculty is formed by a group of teachers who impart knowledge based on true experiences.   Cultural and linguistic diversity continues to become a reality in society, and this requires more professionals teaching a second language. The program offers English courses for students whose native language is not that language finds employment in public and private schools, colleges, government agencies and other institutions of higher education. It is convenient to add that the professionals who integrate the English teachers in educational institutions, we need to know the hypotheses and theories that we cite here, with the aim of making a stop along the way, reviewing and questioning our educational practice (Richards, 2001 p.145).   We must be aware that times have changed: the new generations demand a methodological transformation that leaves behind the traditionalism of education and that converts classrooms into centers of pedagogical interaction, where students and teachers contribute and complement their knowledge (Ho, 2002. p. 285). The TESOL curriculum consists of a series of interacting elements. According to the different conceptions and definitions of curriculum that are assumed, varies a number of elements that are indicated. The concept of curriculum or curriculum has evolved, so it has several definitions.  In order to visualize how the curriculum has changed, we present some representative definitions of different moments and different conceptions. This means that one of these definitions, for example, the most traditional, includes only four elements: objectives, contents, activities, and evaluation, leaving aside context, environment, etc.   In spite of the variety of definitions, in almost all cases the following are considered as common elements: objectives, contents, learning experiences, actors, methodological strategies, and resources (Mickan, 2012 p. 16). In the present case, because of the breadth of the concept of curriculum, other elements that are not present in the authors planning shoul d be added: actors, sociocultural context, evaluation and school environment. As educators and trainers of children and adolescents, the knowledge, analysis, and reflection of these theories can give us the guideline to broaden the horizons in our educational practice and invite us to intervene. Within this reflection, we will make conscious those theories that intuitively were present in the constituents of our practice and that, somehow, produced significant learning in the students (Burns, 2005.  p.3). The task is not easy; the intervention requires a great openness and conviction, and a real desire to find the means and strategies that help us to innovate our way of proceeding in the classroom. Moreover, we cannot ignore the importance of meaningful learning for the appropriation of knowledge. In this sense, it is necessary to know the evolutionary process in which the student is and to design learning strategies that favor the acquisition of a second language, in this case, English. It is essential that teachers are willing to train, update and question our teaching practice to interact with students through attractive and interactive learning strategies. Also, these strategies lead to a truly effective and efficient process of learning the English language. We are aware of the importance of equipping classrooms in public and private schools for the management of audio-visual materials, which are auxiliary resources in the process of learning a language, since the new generations are, by definition, visual and auditory (Richards, 2001 p.138).   This could mean a high cost, but with a computer, a projector and a pair of speakers, as well as ingenuity and creativity, we can create dynamic and interactive environments to make our students have contact with the language and open their reception channels from an early age. This concern, shared by the Ministry of Education in establishing non-discrimination in its guidelines, aims to impact English language learning in all communities. The reliability of curriculum syllabus programs is of sufficient theoretical and practical relevance to support the conceptual basis of the professional model necessary for the exercise of a profession in a given context. The execution of the educational process of the subject programs differs in each academic year, and depends on the characteristics of curricular designs, firstly because it is a theoretical model that responds to a retrospective and theoretical study that sketches a vision of a new strategy for the formation of a professional that will solve problems of the society (Ho, 2002. p. 287). The improvement of the Educational Teaching Process of the course syllabus, derived from the methodological and scientific methodological work of the teacher, from the discipline, year and career groups, and from the institutional strategies of didactic and pedagogical at the national level, in the training of human resources. Likewise, this analysis suggests a model that introduces the four differences individuals believed to have the greatest influence on acquiring a second language. These include the variables of intelligence, aptitude for languages, motivation and anxiety situation. It may seem impossible, but drawing the students attention and maximizing their skills is paramount during the process of teaching English. In this context, TESOL teachers who receive international students to train in English in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States, seek to respond to the needs of todays students by challenging them and taking them through methodologies that attract their attention and allows them to develop their full potential. With this group it is necessary that the typology of teaching-learning strategies used and directed to the development of motivation is aimed at helping students, in order to overcome different obstacles in the training process (Richards, 2001 p.126).  In fact, it is fundamental to reinforce them to maintain their attention, mainly endowing with meaning the act of learning from experience and its projection in everyday life.  It cannot be forgotten that in normal situations, people learn if they are encouraged. In essence, TESOL acknowledges that second language learning is perceived as a necessity by adults; concern that is reflected, in particular, in the case of the English language.  Thus in the Spanish context, in a study carried out on the continuous training of workers, languages are demanded by almost 30%, with emphasis on English (Burns, 2005.  p.6).   In fact, more and more citizens experience different problems in the digital society linked to work, communication or the search for information as a consequence of the lack or lack of command of the English language.  This means that, although more resources are now available, especially those associated with information and communication technologies (ICT), it is still difficult for teachers to teach a foreign language and for students to develop skills functional. This analysis includes aspects such as the linguistic gains of students, the ups and downs of collaborative work between teachers and the professional development processes that emerged from this innovative practice. We report here the analysis of teaching experience from the perspectives of teachers. It is intended to show how teaching English based content (joined Content-Based Teaching), a component of teaching English for academic purposes, in offering courses of various undergraduate programs. In this article, we will review the existing literature, present the particular study and propose some conclusions about limitations and possibilities. The basic cycle of a study plan in a curriculum not only occupy disciplines that provide basic knowledge and skills linked to those of the specific basic sciences and those of the profession. These are concurrent with disciplines of general formation that endow the student of knowledge and scientific skills essential to that level of their training that are essential for the solid development of the personality of the professional. The mastery of the curricular strategy assumed in the basic cycle of a curriculum is fundamental for the analysis of problems of the educational process. In this sense, TESOL affirms that teachers have for several years verified that their students are not sufficiently prepared to follow education, and more specifically, that they have great difficulty in controlling and evaluating their learning strategies. Consequently, times of change must be assumed by all, basic and education, and in this context, teaching and learning strategies play a key role in ma king the necessary adjustments. Before any learning, with the young and adult students, it is important to agree on the aims that are intended to be achieved, since through co-involvement it can promote a greater predisposition and, consequently, improve the results. Also, in teaching a foreign language with this group, it is essential to minimize the importance of possible failure, to train them to fit the anguish and difficulties. On the other hand, they need to be helped to identify reliable and appropriate sources of information to achieve the highest degree of efficiency possible. It is also important to consider their learning style, limitations, and expectations to try to reinforce them in the face of obstacles. Often learning a foreign language does not require the same method and curriculum components with the whole group. Although young people and adults can learn a second language, they may find themselves in unfavorable circumstances or be marked by the unpleasant experience of the past, necessitating a differentiated didactic treatment and methodology. In this sense, there is the suggestion that working with groups in compensatory programs leads to the application of specific strategies. Among other factors, the acquisition of learning in this group is negatively conditioned by the shortage of time, work problems, personal and family, beliefs and memory capacity (which could be less agile). When learning a language, the attitude or disposition that the person present is key and, likewise, the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is substantial. Therefore, in teaching the English language with young people and adults, the teacher has to encourage the classroom group from the beginning, promoting the generation of a climate conducive to stimulate the desire to learn, also explaining its everyday use as well for their academic and professional development. The generation of a pleasant atmosphere in the classroom, which makes it possible to disinhibit young people and adults to prevent them from withdrawing or embarrassing, by speaking or asking to promote better communication. This can be increased if the teacher encourages the development of interactive activities, based on the integration of various didactic resources and if he/she manages to make them aware of the progress in learning the foreign language. Another essential characteristic for motivation to be successfully consolidated is through the combination of practices and resources that are very varied and innovative so that students do not lose their attention; as well as establishing congruent links between academic training and life experience. Therefore repetitive and mechanical activities should be avoided as they lead to monotony or boredom and can cause apathy or demotivation. Education seems to remain on the sidelines, although in all phases of thought is attributed a priority and fundamental role. The introduction of these new concepts as cognitive skills and strategies in teaching, in schools, is still minimal. Instruction of this curriculum seems to remain immersed in an earlier stage, without the least incidence of the new culture of learning. Even though there is no single way of defining learning, it accepts, implicitly or explicitly, the definition indicating that it is a more or less permanent change from practice. This way of conceptualizing finds support among specialists because of its operative nature; both the practice and the change of behavior are quantifiable, also, establishes a functional relationship between the execution and the practice. However, it leaves out the nature of learning processes. This is the point of divergence between psychological approaches. For some authors, the presence of the variables of execution and practice is enough to explain and plan to learn, but for others it is precisely that invisible central core of learning that is interesting to learn to introduce qualitative improvements in learning and, thus, the expected changes in the education system are achieved (Pennycook, 1989 p.90). When speaking of providing a linguistic explanation for the teaching English, it tends to be confused with the explanations and theoretical descriptions of the language. But, certainly, linguistics is not only to recognize syllables or morphemes or to analyze isolated sentences, identifying subject and predicate; or distinguish whether a sentence is simple or compound; or teach every one of the norms of spelling, accentuation, and punctuation presented separately and fractioned. This position (which many call linguistics) is referred to the traditional grammar or to what has here been called teaching as a linguistic system. This analysis proposes a teaching regarding meanings and linguistic use in communicative contexts. This model refers to the fact that, in the act of teaching, all aspects of the process are taken into account: people, context, situation and intention of communication (Gray, 2002 p. 51). It proposes a functional, globalizing, contextual and integrative teaching, ra nging from maximum to minimum elements; and, above all, contextual: that goes beyond the text. A teaching that is contrary to the position that has been considered until today in the classroom, away from reality and reducing it to the printed sign enclosed in the text. Teaching cannot go from the particular to the general. It is not possible to continue with the teaching of minimum elements (letter-syllables) until reaching maximum elements (sentence-text), to teach to read and to write (Pennycook, 1989 p.90). On the contrary, teaching should start from maximum elements to minimum elements: one must go from the complete text to the syllable or the letter and also take into account the situation and the context. It should be emphasized that linguistic study should focus on discursive units that are not limited to the context of the word and the sentence, considering that these are not the nucleus from which children elaborate their communicative acts, since children construct finished texts (Gray, 2002 p. 56). In the linguistic aspect, it must be taken into account that the spoken language and the written code are two different modalities that converge in a common interest: the effectiveness of the communication and the development of the language. As a result, the phonetic and phonological traits of a student’s speech should not be reflected in writing since they may disturb the learning of writing and cause subsequent writing problems. You should not write as you speak or speak as you type. The teaching of the mother tongue and second languages are proposed regarding meanings and use, rather than teaching as a linguistic system (Pennycook, 1989 p.93). Attention should also be paid to the development of reflection on the mother tongue, which includes grammatical reflection and textual comprehension and production, which must be closely linked; also aspects of communication regarding verbal and nonverbal, linking the cognitive processes of acquisition and development of language wit h the processes of reading and writing. This leads children to develop, later, in the contexts of production and understanding. Conclusion In this perspective, TESOL teaching curricular should be considered the teaching of the mother tongue in significant contexts. Then the teaching of writing and reading their mother tongue based on language in use. The second medium language of the L1 translation should not be taught, either orally or in writing. It must be learning from communicative situations. The teaching must start from meanings, contexts and communicative situations to get to the phonetic, morphological and syntactic part of the language, prevailing the development of communicative competence that includes linguistic competence.

Is Transcendentalism The Way Of Life - 1423 Words

Is Transcendentalism the way to live life? Transcendentalism is when one goes beyond the regular human experiences of the material world and society to find true peace. Thoreau’s â€Å"Walden† is about leaving the cities, abandoning one’s possessions and living out in nature to find one s true self. Emerson’s â€Å"Self- Reliance† is about resisting society and living true to oneself and never following society’s standards. A modern Transcendentalist named Josh from the novel The Gospel According to Larry by Janet Tashjian follows in the footsteps of Emerson and Thoreau and tries to live a Transcendentalist way of life. When a person does follow the transcendentalist way of life, they will find that it will always lead back to the material world and society and that they cannot escape it. The Transcendentalist way of life is not a beneficial way of life.’ Transcendentalist Thoreau believed that one should follow his or her owns emotions. This is Thoreau though are shown vividly when Thoreau in Walden says, â€Å" I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary.† (lines 26-27). Thoreau wanted to live freely and without regrets and if he did not live this way he was not living life. However when Josh uses his own emotion like Thoreau thinks do not end well for him. When Josh tries to follow his own emotion and is now at the point when he wants to tell Beth that he is actually Lary however Josh tell whatShow MoreRelatedTranscendentalism Is Not A Beneficial Way Of Life1403 Words   |  6 PagesTranscendentalism is when one goes beyond the regular human experiences of the material world and society to find true peace. Thoreau’s â€Å"Walden† is about leaving the cities, abandoning one’s possessions and living out in nature to f ind one s true self. Emerson’s â€Å"Self- Reliance† is about resisting society and living true to oneself and never following society’s standards. A modern Transcendentalist named Josh from the novel The Gospel According to Larry by Janet Tashjian follows in the footstepsRead MoreEssay on Transcendentalism1619 Words   |  7 Pages Transcendentalism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many people have theories and philosophies about life in general. There have been hundreds of thousands of books published by many different people on the ideas of people in the past and the present. Transcendentalism falls in amongst all of these ideas. There have been articles, essays, poems, and even books written about this subject. Transcendentalism has effected many people since the philosophy was first introduced. The idea was complex andRead MoreNature Ralph Walden Emerson and Henry David Thoreau Walden1693 Words   |  7 Pagesare both inspired from transcendentalism movement. 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McCandless agrees with all of the components of transcendentalism and follows them unremittingly as soon as he graduates from college, and he lives by those components to a fault, which ultimately led to his death. Deliberate living, nonconformity, and simplicity are three cardinalRead MoreTranscendentalism : The Light That We Can Not See1689 Words   |  7 PagesTranscendentalism: The Light That We Cannot See â€Å"Transcendentalism [†¦] has primarily much the position of the sun [†¦] We are conscious of it as of a kind of splendid confusion [†¦] But the circle of the moon is as clear and unmistakable, as recurrent and inevitable, as the circle of Euclid on a blackboard† (Chesterton, 24). 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Local Studies free essay sample

â€Å"In every place in this country, there is always a store. In every store, they sell foods and stuffs that define their store. Bakeshop is a common example of stores that exist in every city and provinces in the country. There are lots of ways that the bakeshop uses on how to make their shop popular and increase their customer. Some uses brochures, while some uses tarpaulins. But this actions and ways are only limited in terms of popularity. This days, making things is as easy as pushing a button to perform a certain task. Communication is the key to increase popularity. The wider it gets between company and community, the more customers it get, thus the popularity increase. Internet is an explicit example of wide communication. It allows people from different area or even country to communicate with each other. A great way to communicate with each other using internet is the website. A website in which the people around the world can communicate via internet. And so, the website is being used by the companies to increase and strengthen their communication between consumers. Though, a website must be attractive to get the customers and users attention. Advertising is mass media content intended to persuade audiences of readers, viewers or listeners to take action on products, services and ideas. The idea is to drive consumer behavior in a particular way in regard to a product, service or concept. Online advertising, also called Internet advertising, uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers. It includes email marketing, search engine marketing, social media marketing, many types of display advertising (including web  banner advertising), and mobile advertising. Like other advertising media, online advertising frequently involves both a publisher, who integrates advertisements into its online content, and an advertiser, who provides the advertisements to be displayed on the publishers content. Other potential participants include advertising agencies who help generate and place the ad copy, an ad server who technologically delivers the ad and tracks statistics, and advertising affiliates who do independent promotional work for the advertiser. Online advertising is a large business and is growing rapidly. In 2011, Internet advertising revenues in the United States surpassed those of cable television and nearly exceeded those of broadcast television. As for the bakeshops that the researchers are studying, an effective way of attracting customers is food marketing. Marketing creates a desire for the people who saw the advertising which will entice the customers to buy the product. The company should advertise in a way that all the people who saw the advertisement can easily remember the product. In an article of emedicinehealth at emedicinehealth. com, food marketing is one of the influences on what people will eat. It is already in our culture, as Filipinos, the love of bread and for that, bread is very saleable to the market. The problem for a bakeshop like Park n’ Go will be, how are they going to be the most favorable bakeshop for the Filipinos? That question will be answered on how they are introducing their products to the market. A factor to make the bakeshop favorable to the public is the availability of their stores. Stores should be very accessible and attractive to look at. And also, one of the most targeted markets of Park n’ Go are the mothers which will choose the food for their children. They will not just choose the nutritious foods but also the comforting ones. So, Park n’ Go should plan to have not just nutritious breads but also comforting breads for the buyers. If there is food availability, drinks correspond to it. Park n’ Go is known as a bakeshop only but it will also cater drinks to satisfy the eating habit of the customers most especially to the customers who will eat at a Park n’ Go branch. In that way, Park n’ Go can attract investors of beverages. In an article of Chicago Tribune food section, Ken Harris, an independent consultant to the food and beverage industry said, They needed to do something to get control of the products that they sell in their stores (referring to Starbucks)†. † Reference: â€Å"Related literatures for bakeshops. † StudyMode. com, 08 2012.Web. 08 2012. In every limited way in advertising, the concept and idea of having a website takes place. Publishing a website will not surely generate good impression about the product. There are some factors to consider in order determining the acceptability of a website. 2. Foreign Studies Miller’s Bakery went online with its website in January 2011, and started using Google AdWor ds just one month later. Situated across the Hudson River from New York City, both bakery locations are in busy commuter towns that have a constant stream of new residents. Dwight Miller, who runs the bakery’s online advertising program, signed up for AdWords to raise awareness of the bakeries in these towns and to drive more customers into the stores. Miller knew AdWords would help him target customers who were new to the area, as well as those who might be passing through on their commutes. Dave and Dwight Miller traditionally take most of their orders either over the phone or face-to-face in-store, so they made sure to include both location and contact information in their AdWords ads. They also created ads with â€Å"Get Directions† links and click-to-call functionality when they added mobile ads to the marketing mix in June 2011. â€Å"Our customers interact with our business using multiple screens,† notes Dwight Miller. â€Å"They’ll look us up on their phones when they’re out on their lunch break. Then they’ll head back to the office and research cake ideas on their work computers. After work, they come into the bakery with photos of cake designs on their phone. If we didn’t advertise on both desktop and mobile, we’d miss out on a lot of customer touch points. †

Lorenzo Colbert Jr. Essays (534 words) - Cognitive Science

Lorenzo Colbert Jr. Introduction The topic that the journal is on is visual perception . Visual perception the ability to see the surrounding environment as it is in the visible spectrum by the things in the environment. To a certain degree what we perceive is inf luenced by what we know. Although a large amount of research and documented citings claim to be. Some show effects of knowledge, expectations, and o ther cognitive states on many aspects of perception, strong cou nterarguments have been developed that these demonstrations are confounded by non - perceptual factors. For example, although letters are easier to recognize in meaningful words than meaningless letter strings, skepticism remains that such effects of knowledge on visual recognition mean that knowledge literally helps people see. Topic Of Interest The process to comprehend in one's habitat is referred to as percepti on. If perception is imprecise or changedin any way prob lems simple day to day skills may occur.Visual perceptual skills involve the ability to organize and interpret the information that is seen and give it meaning. The importance of visual perceptual skills in academic success is agreed upon by many, acknowledging reading would not be possible without adequate visual perception. Without correct visual interpretation, a student may experience difficulty learning in the class room, visualize items or past experiences, have good motor skills , integrate visual information with other sens es to do things like play catch, shoot baskets when playing basketball, or hear a sound and visualize where it is coming from like the horn on a truck . Current Research H aving some type of prior knowledge about what you are looking at may or may not help you see it. This article pres ents several experiments showing that i t does. The different studies show that people are m uch better able to detect acute changes to meaningful words than to meaningless letters or to even less meaningful words. These findings reinforce the idea that what we see depends not just on what we are looking at, but also on what we know and expect. In Experiment 1, a perceptual matching task is used to show that meaningful words appear more distinct than meaningless letter strings. In Expe riments 2 through 4, it is demonstrated that humans are more accurate in d etecting acute changes in indistinct shape when they occur in meaningful words compared with meaningless letter strings. In Experiment 5, it is shown that this development in perfor mance cannot be explained only by d ifferences in visual intimacy , but is predicted by semantic factors such as word imageability . These findings solidly the fact that visual perception isn't always about what you see just more so of what you know. The words we already know can be distorted greatly and our brain would still be able to identify each word with some ease. Conclusion Altogether the results show that meanin gful letter strings look more acute than unfamiliar ones, and that word comprehension improves exactness in seeing simple perceptual changes happening right be fore a person's eyes. Visual Perception is not encased from knowledge, but enriched by it.

Sociology of Family essayEssay Writing Service

Sociology of Family essayEssay Writing Service Sociology of Family essay Sociology of Family essay1)   The movie characterizes the structure and functions of African-American families through the trials of a large African-American family, which is focused on maintaining the established longstanding family traditions.   However, these family traditions are fading away when some serious problems appear in the family, e.g. Mother Joe’s debilitating stroke, Lem’s failure to find a job, tensions in relationship between the family members and other problems.2)   The movie characterizes gender (manhood, womanhood, relationships between the two) and intergenerational (relations between different generations) relations in African-American families through interpersonal communication, which reflects human lie and injustice. Teri, Lem, Bird, Kenny, Maxine and Ahmad demonstrate their negative character traits.3) The movie depicts the links between African-American families and institutions of the wider society such as the world of work, the white world, and law enforcement, etc. through certain challenges faced by family members. For example, Lem fails to find a job because of his criminal history. Teri wants her cousin Blimp to give Lem a lesson.   There are many other examples.4) The movie suggests that the history of African-Americans in the U.S has had powerful impacts on African-American families. Traditional African American food is part of the history of African Americans in the U.S., e.g. the so-called soul food. The cultural traditions are reflected in soul food tradition. The film describes the particular food that is associated with the lives of modern day Chicago families.5) The movie shows the tensions in relationships between young people that might be helpful in explaining the statistical data on the relatively low percent of families with married couples found among African Americans.6) I find the characterization of African-American families to be consistent with my understanding of the course readings on African-American families. Food has been shown as an integral part of African American culture. The characterization of the sense of identity of African Americans and the role of African American community play an important role in the life of each family.7) I have one question about the movie that you would like to discuss. This question is â€Å"How does the film â€Å"Soul Food† (1997) reflect race, class and legacy of slavery?†1) Prof. Banks is focused specifically on marriage patterns within the black â€Å"middle class† of educated professionals because the decline in marriage involved not only the poor, but also doctors, lawyers and other categories of educated people. According to the author, â€Å"black women of all socioeconomic classes remained single in part because the ranks of black men have been decimated by incarceration, educational failure and economic disadvantage† (Bank, 2011, p.1853).2) Prof. Banks conducts his research based on the i nterviews.   He collects various types of data regarding black marriage decline, including judicial decision, governmental policies, economic data, etc. He collects data from various sources, including documentation, books, newspaper articles, journal articles, legal cases, films, etc. There are certain problems with the data because the content of sources differs, providing different information on the required issues.3) Prof. Banks think marriage is faring among the black middle class because of certain social, historical and economic challenges. Some of the statistics offered by Prof. Banks to document his claims about the status of marriage in the black middle class include various facts, such as in 1970s, â€Å"25 % of black children in the U.S. were born to unmarried parents† (Banks, 2011, p. 1856). Besides, the 2010 Survey shows that â€Å"half of black couples divorce within the first ten years of marriage; two out of every three black marriages are dissolved† (Banks, 2011, p. 1856).4) Prof. Banks diagnosis of roots of the marriage problems in the Black Community is focused on the effects of slavery because slavery had negative impact on gender relations of African Americans. Prof. Bank’s ideas about the impact of economic struggles of working class black men are clear as these struggles lowered the marriage rate of affluent black men. Black women’s responses make the problem worse because of reduction of benefits on marriage.5) Prof. Bank’s proposal that black women marry outside the race is comprehensive and appealing. This proposal is supposed to solve the marriage problem, producing new opportunities for the growth of marriage rate.6) Low marriage rates in the black community are an issue. Black people have other problems, but the problem of marriage decline affects all areas of activity. It is not a distraction factor. Black people and their communities are missing out on the growth of African American populati on, if they don’t marry.1)   The film suggests that the Sanchezs see family as an important part of their Hispanic identity. There are some scenes from the movie that illustrate what family means to the Sanchezs, e.g. Isabel’s pregnancy and her death, Jimmy’s failure to assist his son in getting rid of behavioral problems, Jimmy’s son hatred toward his father, etc. I do not think these are accurate descriptions of Hispanic families.2) Gender and intergenerational relations are important parts of any family. The film says much about those aspects of the Sanchez family because the viewer has an opportunity to observe the role of parental love and childish love. These are accurate depictions of Hispanic Families.3) Immigration shown in the film has impacted Sanchez family life because Maria was pregnant when the immigration agents deported her illegally. These are accurate depictions of Hispanic families.4) There are some other social forces or historical experiences, beside immigrant history, that seem have been important in constituting the Sanchez family. Maria wanted to return to her family. Jimmy and Chucho had close relationships. The film shows the involvement of Hispanic youth in gang violence and criminal activity. These scenes are accurate of the Hispanic experience.5) Maxine Baca Zinn suggests that Hispanic and African-American Families share many similarities. But she says little about differences. Comparing the depiction of the Hispanic family in the movie along with your knowledge of African-American families, it is necessary to define the following differences:   certain differences in family support, the differences in relationships among generations, and some differences in the following of traditional values.

Teaching Life Skills in the Classroom

Teaching Life Skills in the Classroom Life skills  are the skills that children need to be eventually become successful and productive parts of their society. They are the kinds of interpersonal skills that allow them to develop meaningful relationships, as well as more reflective skills that allow them to see their actions and responses critically and become happier adults. For a long time, this kind of skills training was the province of the home or church. But with more and more children - typical as well as special needs learners - showing life skills deficits, its become more and more a part of school curriculum. The goal is for students to achieve transition: going from children in school to young adults in the world. Life Skills Vs. Employment Skills Politicians and administrators often beat the drum for teaching life skills as a pathway to employment. And its true: Learning how to dress for an interview, answer questions appropriately and be part of a team are useful for professional careers. But life skills can be more general - and fundamental - than that.   Heres a list of crucial life skills and suggestions for implementing them in the classroom: Personal Accountability Teach personal responsibility or accountability by setting up a clear framework for students work. They should know to complete learning tasks on time, hand in assigned work and to use a calendar or agenda for school and home assignments and longer-term projects.   Routines In the classroom, routines include class rules such as: follow directions, raise your hand before speaking, remain on task without wandering, work independently, and cooperate by following the rules. Interactions Skills to be addressed through a lesson plan include: listening to others in large and small groups, knowing how to take turns, contributing appropriately, sharing, and being polite and respectful during all group and classroom activities. At Recess Life skills dont stop during lesson time. At recess, crucial skills can be taught, such as sharing equipment and sports items (balls, jump ropes etc.), understanding the importance of teamwork, avoiding arguments, accepting sports rules, and participating responsibly. Respecting Property Students need to be able to care appropriately for both school and personal property. This includes keeping desks tidy; returning materials to their proper storage locations; putting away coats, shoes, hats etc. and keeping all personal items organized and accessible. While all students benefit from life skills curriculums, it is especially helpful for special needs children. Those with severe learning disabilities, autistic tendencies, or developmental disorders only benefit from day-to-day responsibility. They need strategies in place to help them learn the essential life skills. This list will help you set up tracking systems and work with students to enhance those necessary skills. Eventually, self-tracking or monitoring can be achieved. You may want to devise a tracking sheet for specific areas to keep the student focused and on target.

Management info Systems Individual work wk9 Essay

Management info Systems Individual work wk9 - Essay Example This information can be quickly disseminated if the appropriate information-sharing technologies are put in place. These technologies also need support from networks that are capable of global communication (Hossein,2013). Global Information systems are defined in two ways; control and coordination. A control centered global information system is characterized by a centralized data architecture that is used across the organization. This structure is characterized by standard report formats, and the system is designed to track the performance of the organization. The coordination centered global information system is characterized by decentralized data architecture. Each department in the organization has an element of standardization within it and is capable of communicating these standards to other departments. The technologies used support informal communication and the encouraged socialization (Hossein, 2013). There are numerous factors that are crucial to any global information system. These are the operational and strategic requirements. Operational requirements entail the ability of a global information system to provide support for daily activities within the organization. It should also provide consolidated global reporting, ease of communication between the head organization and its branches across the world and management of short –term foreign exchange risks. Strategic requirements entail the ability of the information system to provide support for long-term goals. These include management of long-term foreign exchange risks, global risks, and political risks. The design and execution of global information systems face various obstacles. Lack of standardization across the countries in the world is one major factor. The differences in time zones, language barriers, taxation policies, and language barriers pose an enormous challenge in the development of global information systems. The lack of

Parenting Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Parenting Styles - Essay Example â€Å"†¦..cause-and-effect links between specific actions of parents and later behavior of children is very difficult. Some children raised in dramatically different environments can later grow up to have remarkably similar personalities. Conversely, children who share a home and are raised in the same environment can grow up to have astonishingly different personalities than one another.† (Baumrind, 1978) A boy returned from school with a note that stated that the boy was a slow learner and therefore had to quit school. The options were to plead to the school, change the school or a private tutor. The mother dismissed all options and became the boy’s tutor. For years’ with great skill and angelic patience she taught her son- the slow learner. Later this slow learner had several inventions to his credit- Thomas Alva Edison for his mother taught him the fundamentals. Albert Schweitzer stated that parenting is like using on burning candle to light several others; the first does not loose its brilliance. Would a son respect and obey his father who exhorts him to be honest, but will not give up his dishonest ways? Will a daughter admire her mother who chides her for not being discreet and guarded in her speech, when she herself is talkative and constantly faulting others? Parents insist that children obey the fourth commandment to honor parents but they should make a greater effort to be worthy of that honor. This does not mean that parents have to be perfect. As long as the children see the parents as heaven-ward looking, down to earth role models, then children would live up to one’s expectations. Why do well meaning parents end up disappointed? Parenting is a journey. The bottom line is the only way to raise a decent child is by being a decent human being. All parents wish to raise happy and smart children

Tobacco Prevention Essay Example for Free

Tobacco Prevention Essay Tobacco Alcohol (or any other) i) Using interventions for reducing tobacco use among the users ii) Carrying out smoking bans iii) Taking measures to reduce intake by minorities iv) Using provider reminder systems that govern the providers of these products about the implications to the users v) Using school based methods of interventions to educate the effects of tobacco to students. vi) Using community based task force to help educate influence of tobacco to the people vii) Increasing campaigns towards cessation of tobacco use i) Using interventions for reducing alcohol use among the users ii) May not necessarily need bans on its use iii) Measures to reduce the alcoholism by minorities is highly necessary iv) Reminder use systems may not necessarily be important though can be used. v) School based methods of interventions may be highly recommendable. vi) Community based task force may be of necessity in preventing alcoholism vii) Cessation campaigns may be of necessity. (1) Distinguishing methods of preventing tobacco form that of alcoholism or any other behavior. 2) Tobacco use policies The policies to prevent tobacco use should virtually be constituted at all dimensions that run from local campus and state policies. Local policies are those that should be aimed at controlling and preventing the general use of tobacco within the local society. This could be through the application of cordial measures and policies that are aimed at articulating and monitoring the use of tobacco within the society. Campus policies should be instituted aimed at regulating and monitoring the levels of tobacco use within the campus boundaries. Such policies will therefore help to reduce the proficiency of tobacco taking among campus students. The state policies are the overall counter measures and policies that regulate the overall use of this product. It should define the requirements, penalties, regulations and relations between smokers and the rest of the state structures (Robert, 1999) 3) Three major policies on tobacco taking Controls on advertisement Increasing campaigns on cessation Introductions of smoking bans Aimed at reducing the motivating impact to its consumers. Can be achieved through increased cots and regulations on advertisement Manufacturers entitled to indicate a risk warning on their adverts. Social programs aimed at reducing the use of tobacco Smokers are given awareness of the impact of smoking Aim to govern interventions for both current and future smokers. Penalties aimed at reducing smoking May be imposed to the providers, manufactures or the smokers. Culprits are made to pay penalties and charges for their break of legal regulations 4) Tobacco developmental programs Various developmental programs can be instituted on tobacco use. Firstly, adequate information about the dangers of tobacco should be developed by all participants. Elsewhere, controls that govern to reduce the level of supplies to ensure the lowest levels of supplies should be instituted. This could be through governmental regulations that may posit regulatory framework about the levels of tobacco supplies by the manufacturers and the providers. Additionally, controls on advertisements that reduced extravagance in such adverts should be developed. Controls on advertisement would be important in reducing the levels of motivations in use of tobacco by the consumers (Robert, 1999) Reference Robert, T (1999) Prevention and Societal Impact of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. London, Routledge

Personal Narrative †Vision of Jesus Essay -- Personal Narrative Writi

Personal Narrative – Vision of Jesus Jesus has appeared in the desert, and in the city. Jesus has appeared on paper, and in sculpture. Jesus has appeared on television, and in art. He has also failed to appear in His tomb. You’d figure that after all that travelling, He’d have to get a bite to eat sometime, so He also decided to appear at â€Å"Tim Horton’s.† Now, I would have thought that The Son of God would have appeared at a more high-class joint, like â€Å"Red Lobster,† but I, sir, am no theologist. The Lord works in mysterious ways. One thing I know, though, is that the lady who spotted the Blessed Visage on the side of that donut and coffee joint does not deserve her newfound reputation of having bats in her belfry. If we all believe that she has bats in hers, it’s a bad thing that we don’t have any in ours. She just happened to be buying a coffee, when she saw The Holy Ghost appear on a wall, and no one else did. Children do that sort of thing all the time, yet they are not ridiculed. Don’t you remember the lazy afternoons of childhood, lying in the green summer grass, staring at cloud littered sky, and picking out the different shapes created by the clouds on the deep blue canvas? â€Å"Look, it’s a lamb!† â€Å"Over there! Unbuttered popcorn!† â€Å"Whoa, that sort of looks like an old man’s beard!† â€Å"Hey, it’s Our Savior, Jesus Christ warning us about the upcoming Apocalypse!† Why not? It’s just the same. Just because the canvas on which she spotted this Holy Image was a solid brick wall, and not high up in the sky, close to Heaven, do we really have to question her mental stability? There are numerous similarities between a brick wall and the sky, enough that Jesus could ... ...le figure, are the turfs of the ghosts of Hamlet’s Father, Richard Nixon, and Elvis. So, if the King of Rock and Roll can be seen at a restaurant, why not the King of Kings? I’m sure He gets hungry sometimes. Others are using the excuse that He disappeared soon after a new set of lights were installed. â€Å"The real Jesus,† they say, â€Å"said He’d stick by His followers through thick and thin. He wouldn’t skip out on us like this on such short notice.† Remember that Jesus is a busy man. He probably had to eat and run. I bet He didn’t even get to finish His coffee. A martyr’s work is never done. After reading this, I hope that this whole thing is now cleared out. Maybe now you can see who is really the crazy one. All is takes is a little logic to explain how this religious stuff works. That’s about all I know about that theology stuff.

Why Will IT Continue To Affect Education Education Essay

Research shows that Information Technology will go on to impact instruction because it adjusts to larning manners and is in demand, despite cost and pupil disablements. Jennifer Cromley provides considerations of utilizing computing machines in instruction. It discusses the countries where computing machines are and are non utile in instruction. It besides provides utile advice. The article contains many mentions with back uping and opposing point of views. The writer is an Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology. The article was published in Focus on Basics magazine. It is a quarterly magazine for practicians created by The National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy ( NCSALL ) .NCSALL is a research and development centre and is funded by assorted authorities and educational establishments. It supports the thought that computing machines can be used by handicapped pupils and enhances larning. It is besides used for an opposing point of view in the debut ( Cromley, 2000 ) . Farr, G. ( 2009 ) . Mad magazine to Facebook: what have we learned? . Teacher Librarian, 36 ( 5 ) , 30-32. The Shannon Learning Center in Texas supports the usage of engineering in the schoolroom. It quotes a rule, contains illustrations from his yesteryear and a nexus to a picture to back up his points. The picture efficaciously demonstrates a demand from pupils to be allowed the usage of cell phones in school. The pupils likely have an subterranean motivation, but the article provides a possible solution. Gregg Farr is a high school rule in Texas at Shannon Learning Center. The journal article was published in Teacher Librarian: The Journal for School Library Professionals. It has been printing the diary for 30 old ages. It is used to back up the decision that Information Technology will go on to impact instruction due to a demand from pupils ( Farr, 2009 ) . Gulchak, D. ( 2008 ) . Using a nomadic handheld computing machine to learn a pupil with an emotional and behavioural upset to self-monitor attending. Education & A ; Treatment of Children, 31 ( 4 ) , 567-581. Daniel Gulchak discusses surveies that show how computing machines can help handicapped pupils instruction by supplying behavioural feedback. He specifically describes a survey conducted on a person that utilizes a hand-held computing machine with the intent of proving its effectivity on a pupil with an attending upset. The computing machine is used to assist the pupil better his ain behaviour during a undertaking. The survey concluded that behaviour improved by 34 % . Academicians improved as a consequence because it improved his ability to be taught. The writer reveals that more surveies need to be done and that the survey does non supply grounds that the computing machine was more effectual than traditional methods. Daniel Gulchak has his ain web site, a Doctoral grade, and works at the Institute for Human Development. Education & A ; Treatment of Children is a diary published by the West Virginia University Press. The journal article is used to demo that computing machines can be adapted for disablements ( Gulchak, 2008 ) . Hargadon, S. ( 2010, March 1 ) . Educational networking: The function of Web 2.0 in instruction [ available full-text, free ] . Multimedia & A ; Internet @ Schools. Retrieved March 8, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mmischools.com/Articles/Editorial/Features/Educational-Networking-The-Role-of-Web-2.0-in-Education-5bAvailable-Full-Text2c-Free5d-61342.aspx This article describes how societal networking has enhanced educational networking and assists professional development. It discusses how societal networking can do the acquisition experience more efficient, convenient, and gratifying. It is a good beginning for pedagogues to utilize for considerations when implementing educational networking. Steve Haragon has his ain web site and is a Social Learning Consultant that has founded a societal acquisition web known as Classroom 2.0. The article was published in Multimedia & A ; Internet @ Schools magazine. The magazine is a usher to electronic tools for instructors. I found this beginning seeking to happen the publishing house of one of the original beginnings. I exchanged beginnings because the original beginning ‘s publishing house no longer existed ; it is newer and better than the original. It is used in confederation with another beginning to demo how Information Technology and adjusts to larning manners. It provides an illus tration of how educational networking can be cost efficient ( Hargadon, 2010 ) . Hinchliff, G. ( 2008 ) . Toddling toward engineering: Computer usage by really immature kids. Children & A ; Libraries: The Journal of the Association for Library Service to Children, 6 ( 3 ) , 47-49. The Association for Library Service to Children ( ALSC ) discusses many surveies that show computing machines are good to immature kids. It mentions more surveies that need to be done and identifies some of the jobs and makes suggestions for the usage of computing machines for immature kids ‘s instruction. Gaye Henchliff is a librarian who created this diary article for the Research and Development Committee at ALSC. ALSC concentrates on doing libraries better for kids. The article is used to demo that computing machines can be utilized to better instruction among immature and handicapped kids because it enhances their learning experience ( Hinchliff, 2008 ) . O'Lawrence, H. ( 2006 ) . The influences of distance larning on grownup scholars. Techniques: Connecting Education & A ; Careers, 81 ( 5 ) , 47-49. Techniques: Connecting Education & A ; Careers discusses factors refering grownups in distance acquisition plans. It is utile to utilize as a resource for finding whether to inscribe in on-line class reveals some of the jobs associated with distance acquisition. Henry O'Lawrence works in the Occupational Studies Department at California State University. The diary published by the Association for Career and Technical Education ( ACTE ) . ACTE was founded in 1926 and is a primary association for the betterment of instruction. It is used to demo a demand for information engineering in instruction for distance acquisition and provides some opposing points ( O'Lawrence, 2006 ) . Pelham, B. , Crabtree, S. , & A ; Nyiri, Z. ( 2009 ) . Technology and instruction. Harvard International Review, 31 ( 2 ) , 74-76. The Harvard International Review discusses the contention environing whether computing machines are cost and educationally efficient. It shows that some hapless states have higher tonss due to computing machines. It gives an illustration of pupils in Nigeria that did an analysis using energy efficient computing machines provided by the One Laptop Per Child plan initiated by President Clinton. Three writers worked on this to be published in the Harvard International Review, which is a extremely respected forum for educational argument. It is used to demo that Information Technology is cost efficient and in demand by the authorities in instruction. It provides grounds that computing machines will go on to impact instruction ( Pelham, Crabtree & A ; Nyiri, 2009 ) . Thilmany, J. ( 2008 ) . A fount for you. Mechanical Engineering, 130 ( 9 ) , 18. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers ( ASME ) reveals a new manner of runing computing machines that is being developed at the University of Washington in Seattle. It describes the manner many things are adjustable to our demands, and it makes a contrast to the manner computing machines have typically been inactive. The new system is described to be used for people with disablements, but it is a good illustration to demo how computing machines can alter for the benefit of each person. The writer is presently one of the Associate Editors of Mechanical Engineering Magazine, the magazine of ASME. The article is from the same magazine. ASME is the taking professional community to assist applied scientists work out jobs by the usage of communicating. It besides develops codifications and criterions to advance the growing of cognition and safety. The article is used to show how the adaptability of computing machines can forestall a disablement from being a factor for runing a compu ting machine. It is besides used to in concurrence with another beginning to show how computing machines can accommodate to help acquisition manners ( Thilmany, 2008 ) . Thilmany, J. ( 2009 ) . Calculating. Mechanical Engineering, 131 ( 7 ) , 14-16. Jean Thilmany covers the application of some of the latest technological thoughts ensuing from the usage of computing machines. The subjects covered are: potentially bettering the design of a dust mask, a better apprehension of the behavioural consequence of picture games on pupils, the demand for more coders for the United States to remain up to day of the month in computing machine simulations, a new signifier of web that makes it faster to treat big sums of informations, new package utilized to aline a camera to find the enlargement of the existence. It can be noticed that computing machines are being applied to many different Fieldss, but it does n't indicate that out in the article. The magazine and writer is the same as the old mention. It on occasion quotes research workers, professors, applied scientists, and a plan manager from establishments and refers to major organisations of authoritiess which besides make the article even more utile. The survey of the behavioural conseq uence of picture games on pupils is used to back up the suggestion made from the old mention by utilizing it as an illustration of an version to video games that resulted in a erudite behaviour form in both surveies, this shows that video games as a acquisition manner was assisted by an accommodation to the game. Part of the article is used to demo a demand by the United States authorities for Information Technology in instruction ( Thilmany, 2009 ) Tsung-Yen, C. , & A ; Wei-Fan, C. ( 2009 ) . Consequence of computer-based picture games on kids: An experimental survey. Journal of Educational Technology & A ; Society, 12 ( 2 ) , 1-10. The writers describe an experimental survey among 3rd graders at Tainan City, Taiwan. It began with a void research hypothesis saying that picture games do non better learning any more than a typical Computer Assisted Instruction ( CAI ) . It statistically concluded that picture games improve larning but did n't better judgement. It is suggested that the game used was excessively hard to learn judgement accomplishments. This survey is good to demo how computing machines can better larning when applied decently. Both of the writers have Bachelors, Masters, and Doctorate grades. The Journal of Educational engineering & A ; Society is a quarterly academic diary. The beginning is used to turn out how computing machines can be adjusted to better acquisition manners ( Tsung-Yen & A ; Wei-Fan, 2009 ) .

Communication and Child

Maria Pearce EYMP5-1. 1, EYMP5-1. 2, EYMP5-1. 3, EYMP5-2. 1, EYMP5-2. 2, EYMP5-2. 3 EYMP5-1. 1 Explain each of the terms: * speech * language * communication * Speech, language and communication needs. English dictionary meanings. * Speech – something that is spoken; an utterance, remark, or declaration: * Language – communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech. * Communication – the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs. Speech, Language and Communication begins from birth simply engaging in eye contact and smiling is communication. Speech is started with noise and sounds. Language starts by a child listening so even from very young ages children learn and communicate with us. EYMP5-1. 2 Explain how speech, language and communication skills support each of the following areas in children's development: EYMP5-1. 3 Describe the potential impact of speech, language and communication difficulties on the overall development of a child, both currently and in the longer term. Speech, language and communication needs in children vary with each individual child. As practitioners we must constantly asses and contribute in all aspects of communication, speech and language. We must listen to the child and try to understand the things the child is trying to communicate to us. Helping children improve things like language can be fairly simple. By having patience we repeat the words often and praise the attempts and successes a child has. Asking the child to point something out or encourage saying words or sounds. By taking our hand and leading us to something the child needs or wants is a good way of helping communication and means we can say the thing they need encouragement is essential we do not want the child to feel silly or ashamed if they struggle with the correct word. Splitting some words into parts more easily said is a great way for children to make sounds into words. In my setting we had a child who said â€Å"basanya† for lasagne and although cute if encouraged to split the word â€Å"la† san† ya† in no time the child used the proper word. Another child would say pusion for cushion. We also found with younger children by using flash cards and books blocks or anything played with to say colours, numbers, and shapes or when out walking pointing out things around us and encouraging the child to repeat was a productive way to help with speech. However speech wasn’t always possible one of the children we had was deaf. He made loud sounds but couldn’t hear us speak the words. By using sign language we managed to communicate though we had little experience in that area and the child was very young so did not have a huge amount of sign himself. We would mine a lot of things like â€Å"drink† â€Å"food† â€Å"hello† many of the children caught on quickly and also mimed signs to him. It was a fantastic way to allow communication as each child interacted only with us but with all of the children. Enabling better communication between the children and taught them that it was normal to accept a child with a â€Å"disability†. By encouraging not only speech but other methods of communication we helped them socially to interact with each other in different ways, a simple wave hello allowed the child with hearing difficulties to feel part of the group and welcome. Emotional by showing praise and enjoyment. Behaviour teaching children how to act in many settings. As practioners we spend time with children getting to know them and communicate with them we can pick up on things we may be able to help with or advise parents of. Many parents work very long hours and have little time to converse with children. By chatting with children and speaking in a correct manner we help language skills every day. We do not use baby language we repeat words and encourage talking not only to ourselves but to each other. One child we had in our setting was very happy to chat with grownups and older children, however she refused to play with or listen to the younger ones. Even when being spoken to directly. The child would completely ignore the younger children. We spoke with her and helped her understand we must not ignore anyone when we are spoke to or communicated with. We encouraged her to converse with younger children we gave her responsibility helping them in small ways. This resulted in child playing and interacting with younger ones. This was fantastic for their social skills and behaviour. It taught the child who seemed to dislike younger children that ignoring anyone in life is not an option. We also seen her enjoy the responsibility and praise she was very proud of herself. If we feel that a child maybe finding speech or language more difficult than usual we would speak to parents and encourage them to try certain games and fun tasks in everyday life at home. We would communicate regularly with parents to see if things improve. Teaching parents little things that they maybe don’t do at home or haven’t tried at home can be great at rectifying any difficulties. Working with them to improve things we may have picked up on but parents haven’t wanted to see can sometime make the world of difference. If these things don’t help we can suggest referral to speech and language specialists or hearing specialist. We must work with other settings as well as parents to compare thoughts, information and experience. One of the best things we would attend was a library story time. It was fantastic it encouraged children to sit quietly and listen to stories. Then they would have a sing along to rhymes and songs with actions. Which encouraged language skills? If a child was new to this it took a few weeks to get involved but we always had parents asking where the child had learned a song they were singing at home. We would have sing along in the setting and encourage the words and actions so children knew some of the songs and gave them confidence to join in. If a child is having difficulties making themselves understood by language, speech or actions it can affect confidence and emotions. We want each child to be happy confident and understood. Eye to eye contact is a simple way to let the child know that you are listening or that you are taking the time to understand what they need from you. They learn that in our setting what they have to say is as important as any adult or other child. Each and every child is important and should feel that way. By communicating with carers we can have a much better and more positive effect on children’s development and learning. Knowing that a good relationship is essential and helps us as practitioners to see what areas we can help in and work on with children or what things carers ould continue and manage at home. This leads to a more productive learning journey for the child. A good relationship can also mean we are all comfortable communicating worries or problems. There are several development charts we can use for reference and information giving us a guide to where a child should be at certain ages. We use these to give us an idea of development if we fell a child is behind of ahead we can look at the information which helps us decide if a child may need some extra support. However we must only use these as a guide. We all know children develop as individuals and at varying rates. These charts can help us if we feel a little unsure and also if we need to have information to give parents. Also taken into account must be periods of settling in, or transition in home life. These can affect a child making them quiet or withdrawn and shy. We must make any decision to advise extra support once we get to know the child and observe activities we plan. EYMP5-3. 1 Demonstrate methods of providing support taking into account the: * age * specific needs * abilities * home language where this is different to that of setting * interests Of the children in own setting. By providing age related toys, activities and language we support individual children with specific support. The ability of a child also determines how we plan any activities. We must make the activity inclusive of all children. Being a small setting we find planning an activity to suit all children fairly easy and can adjust as we interact. For example a painting activity is explained and â€Å"signed† or mimed at same time so that every child is included and not taken to the side as though something is different or treat as an oddity. Some activities are avoided if we feel any child will be singled out. However we praise and encourage all children making them feel included and important. We ask parents what their child or children enjoy at home. If possible we try to bring a little of this into the setting to make children feel at home with us. It also gets children chatting and showing what they like. For instance one child adored snakes of all things. So we allowed him to bring along one of his pets as a sort of show and tell. Most of the children had never held a snake. We got him telling us all about snakes and what they eat. It gave this child so much confidence feeling he could teach us all something new. As we are a small setting and speak English it isn’t possible to teach and speak another language however we are happy to encourage a child with a different language to â€Å"help† teach us all words in their native language and do planned activities for other countries celebrations and festivals. Chinese new year Eid-ul-Fitr are just two of the festivals we incorporate into planning and learning. Communication and Child Introduction: The aim of this report is to identify the reasons why people communicate and the ways in which this can affect relationships. I will identify what we need to remember when we are trying to promote communication with others and the barriers that we may come across when doing this. I will endeavour to explain the extra support available for individual's who may have problems communicating and how coming from different backgrounds/cultures can affect how an individual communicates. I will also describe the ways in which we must treat confidential disclosures and how confidential information should be treated. 1. 1 IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT REASONS PEOPLE COMMUNICATE People communicate to: Build relationships When a new child/parent enters our setting the first thing that will happen is some form of communication such as a smile or greeting the child/parent with hello. This is the foundation on which a child’s trust is based. If a child sees a good relationship between us and their parents this will make the transition period smoother. Share thoughts and ideas When children share thoughts and ideas they are being given the chance to express themselves freely. Children will have ideas and thoughts that they need to share by doing this they are able to grow in confidence and self-esteem, we should always listen to a child's ideas even if they are incorrect as this will encourage a child to share further ideas and thoughts. feedback and reflection encourages mental stim Gain and share information track development, diagnose problems early Express needs and feelings Gain reassurance and acknowledgement 1. EXPLAIN HOW COMMUNICATION AFFECTS RELATIONSHIPS IN THE WORK SETTING Communication affects relationships in the work setting in the following ways: – Sharing and Gaining Information By sharing and gaining information from parents/colleagues such as how the child is feeling, their likes and dislikes, what play interests the child has, we are much better equipped to bring the best out of the child. Effective commu nication is extremely important if the child has a medical condition or perhaps is attending a speech therapist. Knowing these things can help us with the child's development. Settling In It is important that we communicate well when a child is settling into a new environment as the child may feel anxious or nervous about the new setting as this may be the first time the child has left the parents. Good communication helps in building relationships, making it easier for the child to feel happy and secure in a new environment. Communicating and building a relationship with the parents allows them to trust and feel happy with us as practitioners enabling them to confidently leave the child in our care. – Supporting children's Play and Learning If we have good communication with a child they are able to benefit more from play and learning activities. It enables them to take part and understand activities. It also encourages better speech and vocabulary and gives them the confidence to express their thoughts and ideas, making them feel more relaxed and comfortable within the setting. – Transitions It is important to have good communication in periods of transition such as moving schools or childminders, as this makes it easier for the child to adjust and feel happy and comfortable in the new setting. For example having good communication and building relationships with each other allows information to be passed on effectively and efficiently making the transition easier for the child, parents and practitioner. 2. 2 DESCRIBE THE FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN PROMOTING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION The factors to consider when promoting effective communication are: – Environment It is important that we think about the environment we are in when communicating with others. When we are communicating with adults or young children we may need to find somewhere quiet, a busy or noisy environment may be distracting, preventing information being passed / received accurately. A young child will be able to understand instructions, learn better and feel relaxed if the environment is quieter and calmer. With toddlers and younger children we may need to find an area which is familiar to their home setting, e. g. if the child likes playing with play dough we could arrange to sit with the child at this table. – Proximity, Orientation and Posture We should always consider distance when we are communicating with others. If we have a strong relationship with a child they will allow us to get closer as the child knows and trusts us and should not find this behaviour intimidating. We should also consider cultural differences when communicating with others as some sayings/gestures in our culture may differ to that of a person from a different culture. Our body's position is also important as if we stand in front of someone they may find this overpowering. But if we were to stand beside them and turn our body towards them this sends out a warm and friendly signal. Having good posture when communicating with others is also important as this gives out a clear message that you are listening and interested in what they are saying. – Listening Skills When we are communicating we should always show that we are ‘Actively Listening'. To Actively Listen we must think about what is being said and be aware of the body language. We should always give our full attention to the person speaking and listen to the tone of what they are saying. This is important when communicating with children as it promotes children's speech and helps when dealing with difficult situations. Time When we are communicating we need to give the person we are communicating with time to think about what we are saying. This is very important with young children so they understand what we are saying, or understand the instruction that has been given. Parents may also need time to understand or digest the information that has been past onto them. 3. 1 EXPLAIN HOW PEOPLE F ROM DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS MAY USE AND/OR INTERPRET COMMUNICATION METHODS IN DIFFERENT WAYS. People from different backgrounds may use and/or interpret communication methods in the following ways: – Family Background Family background is important in communication as all families have different styles of communication. For example some children may come from a family that has more than one language, while other children may come from a family that is outgoing and noisy. Others may come from a family that is shy in nature. All of these will affect the way in which the child later communicates as an adult. – Personality Personalities can affect the way in which a child/adult communicates. With young children we can often see if their personality is outgoing even before their speech / language has developed. For example a child of a shyer nature will have a quieter personality, they may seem unenthusiastic in group discussions or with people they don't know as they find this uncomfortable. – Confidence and Self-esteem Confidence and self-esteem plays an important part in the way people communicate. For example a child who has been mocked when they have been reading in class may find public speaking as an adult difficult. Whereas a child who was praised for their reading is more likely to grow into an adult with more confidence in this area. – Literacy Literacy skills are acquired throughout life. Some people will have a higher level of literacy skills than others. For example some people may have learning difficulties or may have had to immigrate and have had to learn a completely new language. – ICT Knowledge Most people will have acquired some form of ICT Knowledge whether it be using internet, internet phones, emails, accessing photos, phone conversations, but we will not all have the same level of ICT knowledge. For example a person may not be able to read emails or follow written instructions well, so they are not as comfortable in this area as others. 3. 2 IDENTIFY BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Some of the barriers we may face to effectively communicate are: Information – Sender may have language difficulties and find it hard to express themselves in oral or written forms. Encoding – Sender may have difficulty in choosing appropriate words/language or use an inappropriate style or tone. Transfer – Emails may not be received. Reception – Visual impairment may prevent a recipient from picking up facial expressions, gestures or anything that has been written down. Decoding – Recipient's relationship with the sender will influence the way that messages are decoded e. message from someone who is liked may be received differently than from a stranger. Feedback – Sender may not see feedback and realise that there are any difficulties with the way that they have communicated. Response – Sender may respond negatively as meaning of communication is not clear or style of communication is inappropriate. 3. 5 EXPLAIN HOW TO ACCESS EXTRA S UPPORT OR SERVICES TO ENABLE INDIVIDUALS TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY The ways in which we can access extra support or services to communicate effectively are: Transition and Interpreting Services We may need to use a Translator from time to time if a person cannot read/understand our language. For example this is useful if a parent wants to show us a letter that has been written in a different language. An Interpreter may also be used if someone has hearing or speech impairment this assists communication to be made with them. – Speech and Language Services Children's speech develops at different times and stages, every child is different. For example some young children may need the service of a Speech Therapist. We may need to seek support of these services to help us communicate effectively with the child by using visual aids such as pictures. This helps us to meet the child's individual needs. – Advocacy Children or young people who are in care may have had an advocate service such as Social Services. These services are used so the child can express their personal views, opinions and how they are feeling. It also ensures the best interests of the child are met and that their rights under the United Nations Convention are met. We have a duty to ensure this for each and every child. 4. 1 EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF THE TERM CONFIDENTIALITY The term Confidentiality means that we must not share or disclose personal information gained through work that we would not publicly know with others. As practitioner's we will receive confidential information on a daily basis, information we receive should be treated confidential unless there is a duty to pass the information on eg, in cases of child abuse or danger to a child's welfare. Confidential information that we may receive is personal details on a child's live such as address, phone number, date of birth ; health and development issues. Individual's have the right to keep this type of information private. P Tassoni et al (2010:15) states, â€Å"Confidentiality is about respecting other people's rights to privacy and keeping safe the information that they have provided. † A parent may pass on something they want kept confidential to protect their child from embarrassment. For example, a parent may disclose that their child has suddenly started wetting his/her pants and may ask you to keep an eye on the child and discretely change pants if necessary. This type of information should only be shared with others on a need to know basis. Breach of policies surrounding confidentiality are usually disciplinary offences which are treated seriously. . 2DESCRIBE WAYS TO MAINTAIN CONFIDENTIALITY IN DAY TO DAY COMMUNICATION A setting should have an office where parents can speak to members of staff about confidential matters. This information will be passed to staff on a need to know basis. Staff are told to think about what they are saying in front of â€Å"young ears† and other pare nts. Gossip should be avoided. All written paperwork/computer records kept on the children within the setting should be in an office area and kept under lock and key/passworded and the setting will have policies on who has access to this information. Should a child make a serious disclosure to a member of staff, about possible abuse/neglect, all staff will be fully trained in the settings Child Protection procedures and staff will know the reporting procedure in these circumstances. As part of their training, staff will know that any breach of confidentiality within the setting could result in a disciplinary action being taken against them and in serious cases may even result in dismissal. 4. 3DESCRIBE THE POTENTIAL TENSION BETWEEN MAINTAINING AN INDIVIDUAL’S CONFIDENTIALITY AND DISCLOSING CONCERNS There will be occasions that we need to disclose confidential information such as if we feel a child's welfare is at risk or if we think abuse is suspected or a crime has been committed. We are obliged to pass our concerns quickly, discretely and directly to our manager or an appropriate agency such as Social Services. By doing this we can still retain confidentiality within a setting as other members of staff or parents will not know the issues that have been raised. This also ensures that the rights of the child are met under the UNCRC (online www. unicef. org. k) Article 19 states â€Å"Children's rights to be protected from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse by those looking after them. † All settings must be on the Data Protection Register and be registered with the Data Protection Commission. If confidentiality has been breached this can have serious consequences a nd can lead to dismissal, most settings will have their own polices and procedures. Conclusion: As we can see from the above, communication is a vital part of everyday life. Good communication skills assist us in nearly every situation we can find ourselves in. When communication is well managed, conflict can be avoided and respect and well-being of all parties improved. It is vital that we understand how to treat confidential information, when such information should be kept confidential and when and how it should be reported if we feel it necessary to safeguard and protect children. Bibliography: Tassoni P et al (2010), CHILDREN ; YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORKFORCE, Heineman, London, UK. UNCRC (Online), UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD, www. unicef. org. uk

Dancing With Wolves essays

Dancing With Wolves essays Lt. John Dunbar was lying on a hospital bed, leg totally mutilated. Barely conscious, the man over heard the surgeon say he could not amputate this mans leg as tired as he was. Dunbar didnt like what he heard, so when the surgeons left, he grabbed his boat, and he slowly slid the boat up his mutilated foot biting on a stick to relive the massive pain. He returned to the battlefield, with only one thing on his mind, suicide. So, he took a horse, and rode it directly in front of the Confederate army. He rode and rode, never getting hit by any bullet flying by him. The Union army then crushed the Confederate army and this maid Dunbar a war hero. He pled to the general to keep his leg, and he did. After his foot healed he had the option of going to any fort. He chose to go west, to the plains. He left with one of the peasants from the fort he was in, to a post out in the plains. When he arrived there was no one there. He decided to stay and sent the peasant back. He settled in very well. One day when he was washing up, he had a run in with an Indian. He scared the Indian off. Then a few came soon after. He decided to go over to the tribe and talk with them. He found a lady along the way, who was slicing her wrists. He took her back to her tribe. The Indians did not respond very well. They later got along, the women he found spoke a little English, and they were able to communicate. Him and the Indians became very close. He was like one of the tribe. Ever since he got to his post, there was a wolf, he saw all the time, and he named him 2 socks. One day, he was playing with the wolf and the Indians named him Dances with Wolves. Most of the men of the tribe sent out one day trying to make peace with another tribe. Dances with Wolves was assigned to watch the chiefs family. While the men were gone, the tribe was attacked me other Indians. Danc ...

How to Write the Hook of an Essay

How to Write the Hook of an Essay You can think of the first sentence of your essay as you would a fishing hook. It grabs your reader and allows you reel the person into your essay and your train of thought. The hook for your essay can be an interesting sentence that captures a persons attention, it can be thought-provoking, or even, entertaining. The hook for your essay often appears in the first sentence. The opening paragraph includes a thesis sentence. Some popular hook choices can include using an interesting quote, a little-known fact, famous last words, or a statistic. Quote Hook A quote hook is best used when you are composing an essay based on an author, story, or book. It helps establish your authority on the topic and by using someone elses quote, you can strengthen your  thesis if the quote supports it. The following is an example of a quote hook: A mans errors are his portals of discovery. In the next sentence or two, give a reason for this quote or current example. As for the last sentence (the thesis) : Students grow more confident and self-sufficient when parents allow them to make mistakes and experience failure. General statement By setting the tone in the opening sentence with a uniquely written general statement of your thesis, the beauty is that you get right to the point. Most readers appreciate that approach. For example, you can start with the following statement: Many studies show that the biological sleep pattern for teens shifts a few hours, which means teens naturally stay up later and feel alert later in the morning. The next sentence, set up the body of your essay, perhaps by introducing the concept that school days should be adjusted so that they are more in sync with the teenagers natural sleep or wake cycle. As for the last sentence (the thesis):  If every school day started at ten oclock, many students would find it easier to stay focused. Statistic By listing a proven fact or entertaining an interesting statistic that might even sound implausible to the reader, you can excite a reader to want to know more.   Like this hook: According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, teens and young adults experience the highest rates of violent crime. Your next sentence can set up the argument that its dangerous for teenagers to be on the streets at late hours. A fitting thesis statement might read: Parents are justified in implementing a strict curfew, regardless of a students academic performance. The Right Hook for Your Essay The good news about finding a hook? You can find a quote, fact, or another type of hook after you determine your thesis. You can accomplish this with a simple online search about your topic after youve developed your essay. You can nearly have the essay finished before you revisit the opening paragraph. Many writers polish up the first paragraph after the essay is completed. Outlining the Steps for Writing Your Essay Heres an example of the steps you can follow that help you outline your essay. First paragraph: Establish the thesisBody paragraphs: Supporting evidenceLast paragraph: Conclusion with a restatement of the thesisRevisit the first paragraph: Find the best hook Obviously, the first step is to determine your thesis. You need to research your topic and know what you plan to write about. Develop a starting statement. Leave this as your first paragraph for now. The next paragraphs become the supporting evidence for your thesis. This is where you include the statistics, opinions of experts, and anecdotal information. Compose a closing paragraph that is basically a reiteration of your thesis statement with new assertions or conclusive findings you find during with your research. Lastly, go back to your introductory hook paragraph. Can you use a quote, shocking fact, or paint a picture of the thesis statement using an anecdote? This is how you sink your hooks into a reader. The best part is if you are not loving what you come up with at first, then you can play around with the introduction. Find several facts or quotes that might work for you. Try out a few different starting sentences and determine which of your choices makes the most interesting beginning to your essay.

White Collar Crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

White Collar Crime - Research Paper Example The essay aims to proffer pertinent issues that detail the foundations and enforcement of white collar crime. The paper would hereby contain definitions of white-collar crime, the laws that regulate them, and their impact on society. Various studies have acknowledged and attributed the origin and foundation of white collar crime to Edwin H. Sutherland, a known criminologist and sociologist, who presented its theoretical relevance in his reported presidential address in 1939 at the American Sociological Society Meeting (Barnett, n.d., Strader, 2002). Both Barnett and Strader have cited the definition from Sutherland’s (1949) book, as he averred that white collar crime â€Å"may be defined approximately as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation† (Sutherland, 1949, p. 9). Due to the controversial nature that the definition has elicited from various criminology experts, it was deemed â€Å"outdated for student s of the criminal law† (Strader, 2002, p. 1) and regarded as a misnomer. Thereby, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has presented their official definition as â€Å". . . those illegal acts which are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and which are not dependent upon the application or threat of physical force or violence. Individuals and organizations commit these acts to obtain money, property, or services; to avoid the payment or loss of money or services; or to secure personal or business advantage† (USDOJ, 1989, p. 3). ... qualified the elements that are needed to classify the criminal activity within the white collar category to include: nonviolent crime; committed for financial gain; by persons and organizations with occupational status belonging to the professional, semi-professional and entrepreneurial status; with illegal acts characterized by deceit, concealment, and violation of trust. The Legal Information Institute (2010) provided a simpler definition acknowledged from Nolo’s Plain-English Law Dictionary as â€Å"a variety of nonviolent financial crimes, generally committed by businesspeople or public officials, involving commercial fraud, consumer fraud, swindles, insider trading on the stock market, embezzlement, bribery, or other dishonest schemes† (Legal Information Institute, 2010, par. 3). Accordingly, the offenses most commonly committed within the white collar crime definition are as follows: â€Å"antitrust violations, computer and internet fraud, credit card fraud, pho ne and telemarketing fraud, bankruptcy fraud, healthcare fraud, environmental law violations, insurance fraud, mail fraud, government fraud, tax evasion, financial fraud, securities fraud, insider trading, bribery, kickbacks, counterfeiting, public corruption, money laundering, embezzlement, economic espionage and trade secret theft† (Legal Information Institute, 2010, par. 1). Laws that Regulate White Collar Crimes As indicated in the Legal Information Institute cite, laws that regulate white collar crimes are governed by the â€Å"Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution (which) gives the federal government the authority to regulate white-collar crime, and a number of federal agencies (see sidebar), including the FBI, the Internal Revenue Service, the Secret Service, U.S. Customs, the Environmental