Job Satisfaction and Job Performance free essay sample

The mentalities, thoughts, emotions and interests of a kid are affected by the association of his/her family, considering guardians and customs of the general public. Character of guardians, their training and their conduct towards the youngsters is the premise of improvement of perspectives. Educators having good mentality towards their calling are commonly fruitful, appropriately balanced and all around happy with their activity. Directing an investigation on the auxiliary teachers of Bangalore city Umme (1999) inferred that disposition towards showing related decidedly and fundamentally with their activity fulfillment. Targets 1. To think about the activity fulfillment of instructor instructors with their demeanor towards educating; 2. To think about the activity fulfillment of male instructor instructors with their demeanor towards educating; 3. To look at the particular employment fulfillment of female instructor instructors with their mentality towards educating. Speculations 1. There is sure and critical connection between work fulfillment and mentality towards instructing among instructor teachers; 2. There is sure and meaning connection between work fulfillment and demeanor towards instructing among male instructor teachers; 3. We will compose a custom exposition test on Occupation Satisfaction and Job Performance or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There is certain and critical connection between work fulfillment and demeanor towards instructing among female instructor teachers. Strategy The investigation was graphic overview type. Test The example contained 250 instructor teachers with 100 male and 150 female educators teachers from 20 Colleges of Education subsidiary to Panjab University, Chandigarh, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar and PunjabiUniversity, Patiala. Instruments 1. Employment Satisfaction Scale (JSS) by Amar Singh and T. R. Sharma (1999) reexamined variant; 2. Educator Attitude Inventory by S. P. Ahluwalia (1998) updated rendition. Factual Techniques Product second connection strategy was utilized to secure the connection between position fulfillment and disposition towards instructing. RESULTS Product second connections were turned out to be between work fulfillment and mentality towards instructing. The estimation of connection between's activity fulfillment and disposition towards showing was 0. 0456, which was not huge. This prompts the incomplete affirmation of theories 1. Consequently, work fulfillment of instructor teachers along these lines is decidedly yet not altogether identified with demeanor towards educating. The estimation of connection between's activity fulfillment and demeanor towards showing was 0. 123, which was sure however not huge. In this manner, the theory 2 was mostly acknowledged. Consequently, work fulfillment of male instructor instructors is decidedly yet not altogether identified with demeanor towards educating. The estimation of connection between's activity fulfillment and disposition towards showing was 0. 0034 which was certain yet not huge, which prompts the incomplete affirmation of theory 3. In this manner, connection between work fulfillment and mentality towards instructing of female instructor teachers is certain yet not huge. End The activity fulfillment of instructor teachers was emphatically however not altogether identified with their disposition towards educating. The activity fulfillment of male and female instructor teachers was likewise emphatically however not fundamentally identified with their mentality towards educating. REFERENCE Umme, K. (1999) A factor explanatory investigation of employment association of auxiliary teachers in Bangalore city. Analyses in Educationâ 28, 9 , 159-163, September. Educators are progressively disappointed with their occupations, with spending cuts, bigger study hall measures and expanded degrees of stress all adding to the issue, as indicated by an across the country overview discharged Thursday. Theâ annual MetLife Survey of the American Teacherâ shows the most reduced degree of occupation fulfillment among instructors since the gathering started the review in 1985. As indicated by the overview, which was led close to the furthest limit of 2012, instructor fulfillment has declined 23 rate focuses from four years sooner, and is down 5 rate focuses from 2011. Weve seen a ceaseless decrease in instructor fulfillment, Dana Markow, VP of youth and training research for surveyor Harris Interactive,â told the Huffington Posts Joy Resmovits. Harris Interactive gathered information for MetLife. The study shows that half (51 percent) of educators report feeling under extraordinary pressure a few days every week, which is an expansion of 15 rate focus es more than 1985. The review doesn't separate reactions by state, however its no mystery that educators in Wisconsin have been under pressure. Many joined gigantic fights at the Capitol in 2011 when Gov. Scott Walker presented Act 10 â€â his charge that stripped aggregate bartering rights from most open representatives. The mix of lessened haggling rights and diminished assets for instruction in Walkers first biennial spending prompted expanded representative advantage payments,â a wave of educator retirementsâ and alsoâ put many school regions under money related tension. The mix of that, in addition to expanding requests for school and instructor responsibility, drove one educator in Whitefish Bay to mournfully disclose to her educational committee a week ago that she is leaving. In aâ widely shared story on Whitefish Bay Now, secondary school math instructor Christine Kiefer was cited saying: I love encouraging children and I love the children families and I love my associates and I love Whitefish Bay, however I can't stand by any more. I cannot remain at work that forfeits all my time for my own family †in any event two hours each weeknight and between six to 12 hours consistently †time after the chime rings, time that produces such great outcomes when there is nothing but bad confidence exertion with respect to the locale to pay what I am worth, to pay me what you would most likely need to pay a comparable trade for me. In the article, a Whitefish Bay School Board part disclosed to Kiefer they have little capacity to improve matters on the grounds that such a large number of key choices are made at the state level. Two years back, the article stated, the state cut the locale subsidizing by $2 million. Our options are limited, School Board Member Cheryl Maranto said. I know the explanation we are enduring is a direct result of what befallen your compensation and advantages. Peruse more:â http://have. madison. com/news/nearby/training/local_schools/work fulfillment for-instructors at-record-low-study appears/article_063b0866-7c45Abstract:      Work assumes a conspicuous job in our lives. It possesses additional time than some other single movement and it gives the financial premise to our way of life. Satisfactionâ with work orâ jobâ is by and large characterized as the employee’s general mentality towards his or herâ job, the executives and the association. It is frequently accepted that instructing is a respectable calling andâ teachersâ enter the showing calling for inherent variables which envelop the open doors for proficient headway, individual and expert difficulties, proficient self-sufficiency, communications with partners and cooperations with understudies. The current examination was directed to comprehend whether the discernment ofâ jobâ satisfactionâ amongâ teachersâ is influenced by the typeâ oforganization (private versus government) and the sex (male versus female). The findingsâ ofâ this study demonstrated that the administration schoolâ teachersâ appeared to be more fulfilled than the private schoolâ teachers, however there was no critical distinction in theâ jobâ satisfactionâ ofâ male and female educators. - 11e2-bf7c-001a4bcf887a. html#ixzz2MToVGRxsJOB SATISFACTION IN TEACHERS JADE A. YEZZI, AND DAVIDLESTER [pic] Read More:â http://www. amsciepub. om/doi/abs/10. 2466/pr0. 2000. 87. 3. 776Teachers choice support, school atmosphere, feeling of adequacy, andâ jobâ satisfactionâ have expanded in significance as of late. Utilizing a national informational index, the creators of the current investigation investigated the dimensionality of these factors and their interrelationships. Relapse investigations were p erformed to predictâ teachers feeling of adequacy andâ jobâ satisfactionâ from choice support and school atmosphere. Parts of school atmosphere developed as more grounded indicators ofâ jobsatisfactionâ than did the components of choice investment. Most grounded among these school atmosphere measurements were the absence of hindrances to instructing and head initiative. Likewise, the best indicators ofâ teachers feeling of adequacy were the elements of school atmosphere alluded to as staff correspondence and the absence of impediments to educating. In spite of forecasts, measurements of choice interest didPresent thought and activity identifying with fulfillment and inspiration of instructors appear to he dependent on the suspicion that activity factors which fulfill educators and occupation factors which disappoint educators are orchestrated on a calculated continuum. This paper tests an other supposition which was proposed by Frederick Herzbcrg and his partners. Herzberg recommends that activity factors which fulfill laborers and employment factors which disappoint laborers are not organized on a theoretical continuum however are fundamentally unrelated. The discoveries of the examination detailed here uncovered that a few variables, announced by instructors as adding to their activity fulfillment and occupation disappointment, were polar a positive way and different elements were polar a negative way. Accomplishment, acknowledgment and duty were factors which contributed prevalently to educator work fulfillment. Relational relations (understudies), relational relations (peers), â€Å"supervision technical†, school strategy and organization, shamefulness, status and individual life were factors which contributed prevalently to instructor disappointment. Further, the fulfillment factors ide

American Ganster

The film presents us the life in the Harlem during the 1970s. Denzel Washington plays Frank Lucas and was a run of the mill individual from the criminal who slinks the city to slaughter someone for a charge. In spite of the fact that he was a heartless hooligan he was adored by his kin and consistently had the opportunity to take his mom to chapel. With his relentless and tenacious character he was employed as the individual driver and right-hand man of Harlem’s sedate tycoon, Ellsworth â€Å"Bumpy† Johnson. Obscure to him this would lead his life to riches and afterward to chaos.For the survey, the setting of the film is great and it depicts the genuine climate of the 70s during the time that medications are widespread and uncontrolled. Chief Ridley Scott has to be sure idealized this film to ensure watchers can feel the genuine environmental factors, how the individuals in Harlem connect and how Frank Lucas and his men controlled over the city. Ridley likewise appropr iately chose the entertainers for their job and introduced in them the character that coordinates their job. The film is reasonable on the grounds that it depended on a genuine story and transfers to us the genuine occasion and circumstances during that period.The theory of this film can be found in its specific situation. The title itself shows a more extensive image of a country that is breaking down in light of prostitution, illicit weapon and medication exchange which was uncontrolled during the 6Os and 70s. The criticalness of the story interfaces when the US is making war with Vietnam and affects political impact of President Nixon and his plan with different nations. Political unsteadiness made unbound association among country and this time Vietnam turned into the wellspring of unlawful medication exchanging and in the long run entered the principle heart of New York.The Harlem, in any case, was where police can't infiltrate and control since criminals have had the option to arm themselves and repulse any power that goes into their domains. The impact of medications and cash has tainted the law and New York got occupied by degenerate cops and state authorities who are under the finance of the medication rulers. Medications directed the status of life and criminals were administering everything and everyone. The principle subject of this film is additionally obvious. Medications make detestable men and malice men make drugs.It is a persistent procedure and has been a social infection for longer than a century. What makes medications to be the underlying foundations of wickedness is the cash include in the exchange. Medications and cash consistently correspond and cash can purchase and move everything paying little mind to any political or legal deterrent. A wide range of violations exude from ravenousness of cash and cash originates from drugs without any problem. By chance, the ethical fiber of our law can't be underestimated. Someone who might be list ening doesn't concur with the wrecked legal framework and will approaches to put a stop on this.In this case, Russel Crowe who plays the analyst chases Frank and put him in jail. He assumes his job viably by exposing Frank to cross examination and plans everything to nail him down. In spite of the fact that the illicit exchange has just tainted the police constrain, it was the upright Crowe who have removed the tree that is bearing the organic product. At long last, the great beats underhanded (Scott). Watchers evaluated this film with four stars if the reason for the ideal score is five.Accordingly, this film resembled the cutting edge â€Å"Scarface† which story was additionally based from unlawful medication exchange, wrongdoing and retaliation during the 1930s criminal time. Despite the fact that the occasions in this film were not entirely unexpected contrasted with Scarface, the film likewise rotate in the subject of illicit exchanging, wrongdoing and defilement. The ma in distinction is the plot of the story which occurs in little rural dark region and the greater part of the significant stars are additionally dark. Scarface is a fiction yet American Gangsters is based from a genuine story.My own view for this film is emphatically higher than four stars since it got my enthusiasm from the earliest starting point of the story up to its end. It doesn't propel you to watch the full film however stuck you to the screen engrossing everything that you see. It occurs in a genuine dramatization and each scene was grippingly great and fascinating. Denzel Washington, Russel Crowe and the executive just as the individuals who made this film must be acclaimed for the activity all around done. Work Cited American Gangster. 2007. Ridley Scott, et al. , November 2, 2007.

How Does McEwan Tell the Story in Chapter 9 of ‘Enduring Love’? Essay

5 Simple Marketing Strategies for First-Time Authors 5 Simple Marketing Strategies for First-Time Authors Brent Jones recentlyâ gave up his independent vocation as an online life supervisor to seek after exploratory writing full-time. Toward the finish of this past February, he distributed his presentation novel, The Fifteenth of June, and inâ the following month, Brent has been centered around what he knows to be a similarly significant piece of a writer's activity: marketing. In this article, heâ shares 5 basic showcasing techniques that all first-time writers can (and should!) attempt, and how his endeavors have just begun to pay off. I had the goodâ fortune of hiring Laura Mae Isaacmanâ to alter my book through Reedsy - she worked resolutely to make my presentation release, The Fifteenth of June, as ground-breaking as it could be. In any case, regardless of how extraordinary a book is, distributing it is onlyâ half the fight. For new writers, for example, myself, it takes a ton of work toâ market a novel and locate our first perusers. To cite Amy Collins, writer of The Write Way:â€Å"Writing an incredible book is an essential necessity for basically being permitted an opportunity to prevail in the marketplace.†I will plot in this post a portion of the dispatch systems I usedâ to advertise my presentation novel.This list isn't expected to be comprehensive, and I am not a specialist advertiser of artistic fiction. Yet, there's a great deal we can learn fromâ one another, and I want to begin a profitable conversation in the remarks below.Ready? Distributing a book is just a large portion of the fight. The other half is showcasing it. @AuthorBrentJ 1. Run a free Kindle advancement 685 individuals entered my giveaway, however more importantly,â 300+ clients included my bookâ to theirâ to-readâ shelf. What's more, when a client adds a book to one of their racks, it shows up as an update in their feed, which means their companions on Goodreadsâ can see that they have included my book!Most of those 10 print duplicates have been conveyed, so it will be fascinating to find in the coming weeks what number of those victors read the book, compose a survey, or prescribe it to a companion. One beneficiary, Denise Levendoski, has just composed a sparkling survey of The Fifteenth of June on Goodreads.The base line?It's been about a month since I distributed my book, and I've offered near 100 duplicates of my book at normal cost, excluding income created through the Kindle Unlimited Lending Library.As far as I'm concerned, I’m looking extraordinary so far, consideringâ some of my promoting activities, for example, connecting with book bloggers, haven't starte d to pay off. Also that numerous who downloaded The Fifteenth of Juneâ haven't read it yet.In the interim, I'm centered around my next novel, which I plan to distribute by August. I've gotten notification from otherâ self-distributed creators that it by and large takes four titles to gainâ some footing. False for each situation, I assume, butâ a reasonable rule regardless. Composing and promoting is an intense exercise in careful control, however should be moved to succeed. @AuthorBrentJ It's an intense exercise in careful control - composing and promoting - yet the two parts of the activity must be moved in equivalent measure on the off chance that we, as journalists, would like to be fruitful creator entrepreneurs.The Fifteenth of June is accessible in soft cover from Amazon and on Amazon Kindle!Head to Brent's websiteâ to buy in to his pamphlet, or tail him on Twitter for more!Have you attempted any of Brent's showcasing tips? How could they work for you? Or on the other hand do you have promoting thoughts for first-time creators that were excluded from the list? Leave any musings, encounters, or inquiries for Brentâ in the remarks beneath.

Paulo Freire “The Banking Concept of Education” Essay Sample free essay sample

Presentation â€Å"The Banking Concept of Education† was imagined by Paulo Freire with an end goal to delineate the reasonings of the advanced instructive framework. Much horrible judgment has been tended to towards this work ; much truth the work has other than uncovered. It is difficult to reason. regardless of whether the author was completely right or erroneous †his premises have strong pragmatic bases yet can other than be discussed. Be that as it may. it is as yet intriguing and utile to rethink Freire’s articulations with respect to what banking guidance is. The Banking build of guidance The piece of the financial build of guidance made by Freire is in the way that students do non get and use cognizance to break down ; the discernment then again is simply kept into them by the educator. This method whenever saw by Freire as the organization of obstructing innovativeness in guidance as a rule. â€Å"This is the financial build of guidance. in which the scope of activity permitted to the understudies expands only every piece far as having. We will compose a custom exposition test on Paulo Freire â€Å"The Banking Concept of Education† Essay Sample or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page documenting. what's more, hive awaying the deposits† ( Freire ) . Of class. one may reason that we ourselves are the Godheads of our guidance. what's more, our comprehension. In any case. endeavor in guidance is non ever material. especially when the instructive condition does non let any inventiveness. as Freire attempts to convey us. In this way. the essayist of the financial develop in guidance endeavors to turn out that at last. students can non change the stored discernment. as they are non educated to utilize their transformational achievements. â€Å"In the financial build of guidance. perception is a blessing presented by the individuals who view themselves as knowing upon those whom they consider to cognize nothing† ( Freire ) . As an impact. Freire talks about â€Å"banking† teachers as oppressors. referencing to the present instructive framework as â€Å"oppressing† . The cognizance has ever been the technique of enquiry. in any case, the financial assaults in guidance adjustment these contemplations. what's more, do guidance like the smothering political directions: the educator speaks to himself instead of his students. also, they do non hold any pick to adjust this or to escape this obstruction. In the financial develop of guidance. students need to underestimate their educators. also, as individuals who know it all. while the understudies know nil ( Freire ) . The significant inconsistency of the financial guidance Freire portrays in the rundown of 10 perspectives and examples of traditional gui dance. We have just referenced the two of these mentalities. at the point when the cognizance is essentially stored into students. what's more, when they are acknowledged by teachers as cognizing nil. Freire expect that in his assault towards guidance. â€Å"the educator thinks and the students are thought about† ( Freire ) . Be that as it may. it is difficult to comprehend here. in what way the understudies are being thought of and how it identifies with the talked about hypothetical model. Does this imply the understudies are considered each piece just the vaults of perception? This reason can be directly in the obvious radiation of the as of now talked about issues. â€Å"The educator arrangements and the understudies listen †docilely ; the teacher subjects and the students are disciplined† ( Freire ) . Clearly. the oppression about which Freire talks is other than reflected in the way that students are non taken as the reasonable items that are equipped for breaking d own and changing this discernment. The oppression is seen in the situation. at the point when the understudies are non just perpetually restrained by their teachers. in any case, when they other than need to follow with the picks implemented by the educator ( Freire ) . A large number of us recover the condition of affairss. at the point when we needed to take a shot at the subject picked by the mentor with no likelihood to talk or adjust it. Regardless of the objective nisus of the present instructive framework towards flexibleness. the figure of â€Å"oppression† outlines is exorbitantly enormous to do this â€Å"flexibility goal† in any event closer. â€Å"The oppressors utilize their â€Å"humanitarianism† to proceed with a productive situation. Accordingly they respond about intuitively against any trial in guidance which invigorates the basic modules and is non content with an incomplete reappraisal of reality† ( Freire ) . The piece of these oppressors ought to be fairly comprehended. furthermore, Freire makes specific emphasize on this dread: the oppressors ( educators ) will in general adjust the awareness of the abused ( the students ) and non the situation. which is called as â€Å"oppressive† . The enslavement to innovativeness †this is the balance of the financial assault in guidance ; Freire depicts a basic delineation in large guidance: â€Å"students will neer be proposed to fundamentally observe reality† ( Freire ) . Beyer is truly illuminating by they way he breaks down Freire’s develop: â€Å"Freire accepts this is a signifier of enslavement in that understudies can non consider the to be as they wish yet on the other hand are compelled to see the universe in a mode that is affirmed by those in power† ( 98 ) . Freire makes a recognizable obstruction between the financial guidance and issue presenting guidance. He clearly bolsters issue presenting develop for its ability to choose the logical inconsistency between the teacher and the students. at the point when the educator has the spot better than that of students: â€Å"the teacher is no longer essentially the-person who-instructs. yet, one who is himself instructed in duologue with the students† ( Freire ) . Subsequently. the issue presenting guidance is the vibe of Freire’s considerations with respect to what guidance ought to be and what sort out it should take. Training ought to non take the unimportant signifier of individual being educated by individual who imagines he knows more ; guidance ought to be made in the system when the teacher’s approval is not, at this point substantial. As an outcome. the systems of guidance and improvement take topographic point in unchanging connection between the understudies and the educator. It is conceivable to recommend that Freire has gone past the customary limits of treatment inside the subject of guidance. â€Å"He is other than thinking that the way of dealingss among educator and understudy are of import deciding connections for how to be toward one another as humans† ( Beyer 103 ) . We ourselves have become the witnesses of the condition of affairss. at the point when teachers would in general pressure their boss spot towards us. We other than know how it damages to comprehend that the educator does non accept us as equivalent. This may go a genuine hindrance on the way towards comprehension between the teacher and the student. what's more, as an outcome. on the way towards viable guidance. Changelessness and adjustment are other than utilized by Freire as the two determiners of banking and issue presenting guidance: â€Å"The banking strategy underlines permanency and becomes reactionist ; issue presenting guidance †which acknowledges neither a â€Å"well-behaved† present nor a preset installation †establishes itself in the dynamic present and becomes revolutionary† ( Freire ) . In this manner. permanency and adjustment are the two fundamental determiners. one of which ( permanency ) decides banking guidance as abusive towards change and imagination. what's more, the other one ( modification ) is the fundamental attribute of good issue presenting guidance. The emotional contrast between the issue presenting and the financial build of guidance is in the way that. as Freire puts it. the financial develop does non let the individual idea of his situation fundamentally. It rather forces fatalistic perceptual experience of any life situation. The issue presenting assault. in actuality. speaks to any situation as a vocation. which needs investigation and arrangement. It is without a doubt. that the financial build is the vibe of the instructive enslavement against the individuals who look for inventiveness and self-awareness. Choice Freire’s work is intriguing in footings of away from of the issues. which do be in advanced guidance. Notwithstanding the way that Freire once in a while utilizes rather fanatic footings. his underlying reason for existing was to represent the present arrangement of guidance as it seemed to be. Moreover. in any event, understanding that we will in general present flexibleness and issue presenting drew closer into guidance. there is still a lot to be done so as to entirely smother banking assaults in guidance. Plants refered to Beyer. L. E. A ; Apple. M. W.The Curriculum: Problems. Governmental issues. furthermore, Possibilities.Capital of new york: State University of New York Press. 1998. Freire. P.Teaching technique for the Oppressed.Chapter 2. 1993. Webster Philosophy Department. 17 November 2007. hypertext move convention:/www. Webster. edu/~corbetre/reasoning/training/freire/freire-2. hypertext markup language

Seagulls

Seagulls Criticism is inevitableâ€"unless you do nothing important with your life. But whenever you put yourself out there, whenever you expose your ideas to the worldâ€"be it via social media, blogs, or business meetingsâ€"youre effectively wearing a sign that says criticize me. Of course, some criticism is beneficial: feedback from people we respect helps us grow. Other criticism, however, is toxic: the most virulent example is the cynical Internet Troll. These critics are like seagulls: they fly in, shit all over you, and fly away. Theyre too stupid to understand the implications of their own actions. Truth be told, most critics bring nothing to the table: they simply project their own insecurities and add zero value to the conversation. And if we listen to them, their toxicity permeates our thoughts, making it difficult to create anything worthwhile. So, you have two choices: either create and be criticized, or hide from meaningful work because youre scared of a little bird poop. Personally, Id rather cover my head and craft something worth criticizing. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.

Seagulls

Seagulls Criticism is inevitableâ€"unless you do nothing important with your life. But whenever you put yourself out there, whenever you expose your ideas to the worldâ€"be it via social media, blogs, or business meetingsâ€"youre effectively wearing a sign that says criticize me. Of course, some criticism is beneficial: feedback from people we respect helps us grow. Other criticism, however, is toxic: the most virulent example is the cynical Internet Troll. These critics are like seagulls: they fly in, shit all over you, and fly away. Theyre too stupid to understand the implications of their own actions. Truth be told, most critics bring nothing to the table: they simply project their own insecurities and add zero value to the conversation. And if we listen to them, their toxicity permeates our thoughts, making it difficult to create anything worthwhile. So, you have two choices: either create and be criticized, or hide from meaningful work because youre scared of a little bird poop. Personally, Id rather cover my head and craft something worth criticizing. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.

3 Options for Applicants with a Poor MCAT Score

Your MCAT score might have slowed you down but dont let it stop you completely! After weeks of patiently waiting, you finally receive your MCAT score, only to realize that it’s much lower than you’d hoped. In this situation, you have several options.   First, take some time to think. It’s not a good idea to make a decision immediately after receiving your score. Give it some time. Identify and consider all of your options. Research more thoroughly those that appeal to you. It’s helpful to collect as much information as you can to make the best decision for your individual circumstances. With a low MCAT score you have the following options: 1. You can retake the exam.  If your score is too low to be considered competitive, it may simply be best to retake the exam. Learn from your previous experience. What went well? What did not go well? What can you do to make sure that you are able to prepare more effectively and take the exam with success? Most students know the answers to these questions. If you’re having difficulty identifying how to move forward, I recommend seeking out more guidance. If you struggle with standardized exams in general, taking more practice tests can help you come up with a better strategy.    2. Apply with a low MCAT score, if you have a competitive science and cumulative GPA.  If your GPA is high enough, you may still be a competitive applicant even with a lower MCAT score. If your GPA fits within the range of most medical schools and your MCAT is just out of range, it would probably be safe for you to apply. Medical schools do not reveal the full range of the scores that they accept.   You only see their averages. Sometimes, these averages are inflated since schools compete with each other.   For example, Harvard wants to claim a higher average than Yale, and so on and so forth. Do not be discouraged by the numbers that the schools report.   Ã‚   3. Apply to  postbac programs that offer MCAT prep.  If you are feeling really lost and not sure how to proceed, you may want to consider applying to postbac programs that offer MCAT support. If you have a GPA that is in the lower range and an MCAT score that is less competitive, a postbac program may be the best option for you. In addition to taking a year or more of coursework to improve your GPA, multiple-focus postbac programs also offer a summer program that is focused on MCAT preparation. If you are from a disadvantaged background, there are programs designed just for you. With more support, many students are able to surpass even their own expectations.   (Please see The Unbelievable Story of an Orthopedic Surgeon.) For more assistance, you are welcome to contact my colleagues or me.   I have extensive experience in advising students who are applying with low MCAT scores.   I would be delighted to assist you.   For now, I wish you success!    hbspt.cta.load(58291, '8a858f89-733f-41cd-8f46-83f20077e591', {}); Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  5 A’s for Your Low GPA †¢Ã‚  Your MCAT Score and GPA †¢Ã‚  Should You Apply to a Postbac Program?

Trans Generational Influances An Influence On Your Life...

Trans generational influances: Are humans just like animals and do we behave the way we do because we are pre programmed and we follow our instincts. During this semester I was on a journey to discover what sets us apart, and how much and what do we inherent from our parents. Is there such thing as a dictator gene? Why do we behave as we do? Does the stress your parents had affect your life? Is there such thing as free will? Can prenatal events be an influence on your political choice later in life? Are there genetic influences on sexual orientation? Because of the transgenerational effects, chances are that when parents are crewel, users of drugs and or alcohol, errors in the next generations can occur. It s just how organisms optimized during evolution. The same principles count for the evolution of behavior. We all want the Nash equilibrium. Charles Darwin did not discover evolution. He had a mechanism how to work it. Chance over time, are the traits in populations. We can build on this in a few easy steps. Traits are heritable (genetic). The variables occur in different ways. Some versions are more adaptable than others. It s all about reproduction and the amount of copies of your genes you can pass on to the next generation, and when a mutation happens, you can get large chances in a population. This is also the case for behaviors. We can take a skull and just by looking at it we can determine what type of animal we are dealing with. The next step is to figure out

Illusion Verses Reality in Death of a Salesman by Arthur...

Illusion Verses Reality in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Death of A Salesman, by Arthur Miller, is a play that tells the story of a traveling salesman, Willy Loman, who encounters frustration and failure as he reflects on and experiences his own life. Willys quest for the American Dream leads to his failure because throughout his life, he pursues the illusion of the American Dream and not the reality of it. His mindset on perfection, his obsession with success, and his constant reminiscence of the past and foretelling of the future, all contribute to his defeat in the end. The reality of the American Dream is that people are capable of succeeding. Success, though, requires one to work hard and be dedicated to†¦show more content†¦For instance, he has this dream of having a big, spectacular funeral. In the end when Willy dies, at his funeral, Linda says, Why didn?t anybody come?Where are all the people he knew? (137). All his life, he holds on to this fantasy, but he never faces the reality of how he could have made it come true. It is his vision of the people of the past that lead Willy to follow a particular path, leading to his demise in the end. The success attained by Willy?s role models, his father, Dave Singleman, and Ben, is what he envisions to be the American Dream. He only visualizes the end product, being successful, and not the process they may have gone through to achieve that success. Willy?s father sold flutes and made that his living. In an encounter with his thoughts of the past, Willy listens to Ben, his brother, who refers to their father by saying, Great Inventor, Father. With one gadget he made more in a week than a man like you could make in a lifetime (49). Willy assumes that by being a salesman, like his father was, he is automatically guaranteed success, and that it wasn?t something that he would have to work for. Material success, such as money, luxury, and wealth, and popularity are his goals and his definition of success. On the other hand, self-fulfillment and happiness through hard work is not. By only focusing on the outer appearance of the American Dream, Willy ignores the

Perotin Is Hailed As A Kind Of Mozart Of His Time

Pà ©rotin is hailed as a sort of Mozart of his time. He was a scholarly musician and musical innovator . Pà ©rotin is called by many different names: Perotinus – his Latin Name and Perotinus Magnus – Pà ©rotin the Great ; and even â€Å"optimus discantor†, or great composer of discant. According to Hussman, Pà ©rotin was a court composer for Notre Dame, but his connection to Notre Dame is not entirely confirmed. It is because of an account by the English traveler Anonymous IV and letters to a Bishop that it is accepted that Pà ©rotin was associated with Notre Dame. Whether he wrote specifically for Notre Dame or not, Pà ©rotin wrote magnificent music that has been preserved for several centuries to this day . The life of Pà ©rotin is uncertain and full of speculation. Different scholars have very diverse ideas of Pà ©rotin’s life. Tischler believed that Pà ©rotin was born sometime between 1155 and 1160. He also stated that he was a pupil of Leonin, the composer of the Magnus liber. Pà ©rotin is believed to have to have been a better organum composer the Leonin himself and even revised the Magnus liber at the end of the 12th century between 1180 and 1190 . In revising the Magnus liber, Pà ©rotin composed and inserted his own clausula and puncta, such as Alleluya Nativitas into the Magnus liber. The works of Pà ©rotin are known to be beautiful and thoughtfully voiced with colorful textural harmonies. Sometime after revising the Magnus liber, Pà ©rotin began composing three-voice organum. Later in his life,

The Homeless Americ What Happens People Who Become Homeless

The Homeless America: What happens to people who become homeless There’s a lot of times in a person’s life that they have had to either travel to a big city or live in one. Most of the time they are focused on their life, events that are happening for them, or issues they are having. Some don’t even notice the people sitting on the sides of the steps leading to big buildings. Holding signs that say, â€Å"Help, can you spare any change?† How many times have you passed by a person holding a sign like this? Have you ever noticed how so many people cannot have anywhere to go or call home? Do you ever wonder why there are so many people out there who don’t have anything but the clothes on their back and are out in the streets begging for whatever they can receive from others? Maybe they just were down on their luck. Some of them you would probably think was because of their own fault. Maybe it was, or maybe because of circumstances out of their control they just lost it all. Families as well as individuals can be hom eless. The National Center on Family Homelessness notes that about one-third of the homeless population in the U.S. involves families with 1.6 million children homeless at some point during the year. (Bush) There are reasons that exist to why people lose their homes, jobs, and why after is happens they can’t get back up on their feet again. According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, over 610, 042 people experience homelessness on any given night in the US.

The Evolution Of The Geological And Biological Science

Prior to Darwin’s time, little thought had been paid to the notion of a species changing over time- even though it was happening on a scale visible in a human lifetime, up until shortly before Darwin’s time, the climate surrounding the geological and biological sciences was not conducive to the notion of biological change over time. Prior to the systems of evolution put forth by scientists such as Lamarck, Wallace, and Darwin, the salient belief concerning species was that they were â€Å"fixed†- there was a limited number of species which remained constant over time, unchanged since their instantaneous creation. Some proponents for the fixity of species argued for vitalism, that an organism possesses a non-physical inner force or energy that†¦show more content†¦This would allow for minimal change in species over time, as their environment would be fundamentally altered and not survivable with each cataclysmic event. Catastrophism, therefore, completely precluded any form of evolution. This stood in contrast to uniformitarianism, also known as gradualism, which posited that the earth s morphology has been brought about in gradual incremental changes, and that geological processes are essentially unchanged today from the unobservable past. Lyell, a contemporary and friend of Darwin’s, was a geologist who published books advocating for this view. Darwin would have had access to Lyell’s Principles of Geology, and almost certainly relied upon it to formulate his theories of evolution- after all uniformitarianism provided the geological timeframe in which natural selection could operate, in that one could extrapolate present geological changes to the distant past. Lyell s argument for uniformitarianism served as a natural complement and muse for Darwin s theories in the capacity of the geological background that could finally afford credibility to evolution. Darwin’s theory of evolution was not the first or the on ly theory

Internet Advertising Essay Thesis Example For Students

Internet Advertising Essay Thesis There are two primary ways to advertise on the Internet: 1. Register your Web site with major search engines so Internetvisitors can find you. 2.Place an ad banner for your site on another Web site that has alot of traffic (viewers). Ad banners allow viewers to link to yoursite when they click on the banner. Internet Advertising Advantages Relatively cost-effective. The costs can also be independent ofthe size of the audience. For example, a Web presence will costthe same regardless of how many viewers your site has. (You will,however, need to make sure your Internet Service Provider canhandle the volume of viewers you anticipate having. ) Advertisers can target specific types of viewers by positioningan ad banner on related Web sites. For example, if youretargeting people seeking information on a specific topic, you canpurchase ad space on Web pages that are related to this categoryin the major search engines (Yahoo, Infoseek, Lycos, WONET The Womens Online Network, etc.). So, an organic herb farmerselling through mail order might advertise through the organicfoods or gourmet cooking category. The indexing structure ofthese sites allows you to target your audience by geographiclocation and related interest area. Messages can be timely because editing the content is often easyand instantaneous. Ads on the Internet can be interactive. You can request viewerfeedback, take orders or answer questions instantly. Ad banners can run with as much frequency as you choose. TheInternet is constantly available! Internet advertisers can potentially reach a global audience. Asidefrom language barriers, anyone at any location in the world canaccess information about your products or services. Internet Advertising Disadvantages Internet advertising should not be approached in a vacuum. Instead, it should be one component of a comprehensive InternetMarketing strategy. Although the popularity of the Internet is rising remarkably, it isdifficult to gage the impact of advertising on the Internet. The range of costs to advertise on the Internet can vary greatly. Itis best to compare a number of highly-frequented sites todetermine the best way to spend your advertising dollars.Bibliography:

Lesson Report The Organizations Way of Working

Question: Write a short description on Lesson Report. Answer: Overview Purpose The Lessons Report is used to pass on any lessons that can be usefully applied to other projects. The purpose of the report is to provoke action so that the positive lessons become embedded in the organizations way of working, and that the organization is able to avoid any negative lessons on future projects. A Lessons Report can be created at any time in a project and should not necessarily wait to the end. Typically it should be included as part of the End Stage Report and End Project Report. It may be appropriate (and necessary) for there to be several Lessons Reports specific to the particular organization (e.g. user, supplier, corporate or programme). The data in the report should be used by the corporate group that is responsible for the quality management system, in order to refine, change and improve the standards. Statistics on how much effort was needed for products can help improve future estimating. Contents The Lessons Report should cover the following topics. Advice The Lessons Report is derived from the following documents: Project Initiation Documentation (for the baseline position); Lessons Log (for identification of lessons); Quality Register, Issue Register and Risk Register (for statistical analysis); Quality records (for statistical analysis) and Communication Management Strategy (for the distribution list). The Lessons Report can take a number of formats, including: Oral report to the Project Board (could be in person or over the phone); Presentation at a progress meeting (physical meeting or conference call); Document or email to the Project Board; Entry in a project management tool. The following quality criteria should be observed: Every management control has been examined Statistics of estimates versus actuals are provided Statistics of the success of quality controls used are included Any appointed Project Assurance roles agree with the report Unexpected risks are reviewed to determine whether they could have been anticipated Recommended actions are provided for each lesson (note that lessons are not learned until action is taken). Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to capture the lessons learned while implementing the e commerce project so that it could be applied in other projects. This document will be helpful in planning for future projects so that blunders from this project are not repeated in future projects. This document also provides the details of positive steps that were implemented in the projects. This document will formally be distributed to every stake holders of the organisation. Overall Review The project of implementing e commerce was initiated after due discussion and appraisal of the project. The estimation of cost and time was made using appropriate estimation methods. The estimation method was chosen after due deliberation with IT in charge of thee company. This process of planning stage went smoothly and according to the plan. The project was making pre-planned progress and the targets were met with in the time. The project ran smoothly for three months but the accident of key employees caused serious problem in the implementation of the project. There was no contingency plan regarding injury of the employee that caused serious uncertainty on the project. To resolve this uncertainty various procedures were considered and consulted. Review of Useful Measures The implementation of the e commerce project has helped to identify key strength and weakness for implementing project of the company. The significant lesson that was learned that there should always be a contingency plan. The absence of any back up plan makes the implementation of the project doubtful. It also further aggregates the cost of the project because the project is stuck in the middle and there is always a fixed cost that the company has to bear.

How to Use a Paper Essay Sample

How to Use a Paper Essay SampleAs the title of this article suggests, you will be using a paper essay sample to work with. You can think of it as an introduction to the topic that you will be writing about. In this article I will share some of the elements you need to think about before writing your paper.The first thing you need to do is pick a topic that interests you. For example, if you are interested in sports, you can pick a sport such as softball or swimming. If you like poetry, you can choose the topic of poetry. These are just examples. Whatever the topic is, it is crucial that you pick a topic that you have something to say about.Before choosing your topic, take some time to learn about what you like about it. What are the best qualities of this topic? What makes it unique from the rest? What makes it different from the rest? Taking some time to learn about your topic will make your essay unique.The next step in choosing a unique and interesting topic is to decide what you want to write about. You may be interested in sports, or you may want to talk about a historical event, or perhaps you want to talk about something really outside of sports. The choice is yours, but make sure that you have a good idea of what it is that you want to say.To help you get a good idea of what it is that you are going to be writing about, you should read over the paper essay sample that you have selected. Reading through it and looking at what the writer has said, is a good way to get a feel for what you will be writing about. Think about what the writer is trying to convey and look at his or her writing style. This will give you a good idea of what it is that you are going to be writing about. Write out a draft of your essay. This doesn't mean that you need to do it on paper. Your computer can do it better than paper so go ahead and turn your computer into a paper pad. You can write on your pad as you go along, or you can even save your draft and come back to it later. I t really depends on your preferences. All you really need to know is that you are comfortable with it.The final step in writing your paper is to put it all together with the paper essay sample that you have picked. You can turn your paper essay sample into a real paper or you can write it on your own and edit it, but either way you will need to remember these things to make sure that you have a well written essay.

The Presidency of FDR Essay Example For Students

The Presidency of FDR Essay In 1932, Americans realized that they had an increasingly great financial problem on their hands, and tried to correct it bycentralizing power. The President acquired so much power that the nation almost became a communism, especially with Roosevelts introduction of the New Deal. When Franklin Roosevelt became President of the United States in 1933, the nation was in the depths of the worst depression it had ever experienced. President Roosevelt, a very energetic and enthusiastic person, inspired the people with his own confidence and faith in the future. He gathered a group of people sharing his views to help him, and provided food, clothing, and shelter for millions of unemployed and poverty-stricken Americans. This was part of what he called the New Deal, of which his three objectives were relief, recovery, and reform for American citizens. In another attempt at recovery, Congress attempted to revive the nations agriculture and industry and place the economy on a solid foundation. They printed extra money to loan to industries that quickly paid it back. By 1933 nearly 14 million Americans were jobless. In response, the Roosevelt administration immediately launched what seemed at the time to be a wonderful program of direct relief. In 2 years, federal agenc ies distributed 3 billion dollars to the states. However, the people unemployed wanted jobs, not welfare, thus the Works Progress Administration (WPA) came into existence. This helped restore some of the lost jobs. By 1936, the New Deal program faced a large and growing body of opposition, some from within the Democratic Party itself. Many critics felt that the government was interfering too much with the free enterprise system, and in doing so, was threatening individualism and democracy. This absorption of power by the president is what is known as the Imperial Presidency. By the end of 1938, the opposition had become so strong that President Roosevelt decided to postpone other large reforms he had been considering. We will write a custom essay on The Presidency of FDR specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Innumerable committees were created to deal with the problems of the time, and the President was in control of all of them. Allthis power that the President acquired caused the executive branch to become bloated. World War II also prompted the government to recruit many, many Americans into the army. Since the President has completecontrol over the army, a greater army gave him more power. The president also had control over the federal police. However, with all the manufacturing that had to take place to accommodate for all the necessities of war, many new ideas came into action. In order to boost the economy, power was readily and radically centralized, and the government introduced the policies of cost plus, resource allocation, wage price controls, and prohibition of strikes. Cost plus and resource allocation gave the government much power to control industries. The government would withhold certain raw materials from companies unless they were using them to make war utilities. However, if they did choose to agree with the government, they could set the prices for their products and make extra money. Wage and price controls were another method of the government to boost industry. The government would increase the price for which a manufacturer must sell his goods and the minimum wages allowable for different types of workers. This made everyone happy because the only person suffering this way was the consumer or in this case, the government. After the Second World War, a cold war with the Soviet Union began. President Roosevelt anticipated that this cold war would bankrupt the Soviet union in their trying to outdo Americas weapon production. Thus the United States had to allocate much of its production into yet more weapon manufacturing and research. With the government controlling all of Americas output, economy, and industry, the nation had moved from a capitalistic economy to nearly a communismAmericans social rights had also been tampered with in the pandemonium caused by the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War with Russia. The social revolution in the 1960s made many people happy, but also gave unnecessary power to the government, especially the president. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 revoked the right of states to choose who gets to vote, and let the federal government decide. The Roe versus Wade case put control over abortion into federal hands, and Brown versus the Board of Education let the federal government control segregation in schools and other situations. The nation has started moving back in the direction from which it came before World War II, but until now has not readjusted completely. Time and effort, however, may shift some of the governments and presidents power acquired during the 20s back into citizen hands.

Molarity Example Problem - Dissolving Sugar in Water

Molarity Example Problem - Dissolving Sugar in Water Molarity is a unit of concentration in chemistry that describes the number of moles of a solute per liter of solution. Heres an example of how to calculate molarity, using sugar (the solute) dissolved in water (the solvent). Molarity Chemistry Question A 4 g sugar cube (sucrose: C12H22O11) is dissolved in a 350 ml teacup filled with hot water. What is the molarity of the sugar solution? First, you need to know the equation for molarity: M m/Vwhere M is molarity (mol/L)m number of moles of soluteV volume of solvent (Liters) Step 1 - Determine number of moles of sucrose in 4 g Determine the number of moles of solute (sucrose) by finding the atomic masses of each type of atom from the periodic table. To get the grams per mole of sugar, multiply the subscript after each atom by its atomic mass. For example, you multiply the mass of hydrogen (1) by the number of hydrogen atoms (22). You may need to use more significant figures for the atomic masses for your calculations, but for this example, only 1 significant figure was given for the mass of sugar, so one significant figure for atomic mass is used. Add together the values for each of the atoms to get the total grams per mole: C12H22O11 (12)(12) (1)(22) (16)(11)C12H22O11 144 22 176C12H22O11 342 g/mol To get the number of moles in a specific mass, divide the number of grams per mole into the size of the sample: 4 g/(342 g/mol) 0.0117 mol Step 2 - Determine the volume of solution in liters The key here is to remember you need the volume of solution, not just the volume of solvent. Often, the amount of solute doesnt really change the volume of the solution, so you can simply use the volume of solvent. 350 ml x (1L/1000 ml) 0.350 L Step 3 - Determine the molarity of the solution M m/VM 0.0117 mol /0.350 LM 0.033 mol/L Answer: The molarity of the sugar solution is 0.033 mol/L. Tips for Success Watch the number of significant figures you use from the periodic table and throughout your calculations. This can affect you final answer slightly.Remember you need volume of solution, not volume of solvent. For solutions made by mixing two liquids, this can be particularly important. You cant always add together the volumes to get the final volume. For example, if you mix alcohol and water, the final volume will be less than the sum of that of alcohol and water. The concept of miscibility comes into play.

Analysis and explanation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis and explanation - Essay Example The events and situations taking place in the book are also important and they include: meeting Sharraf, killing of the wild animals, and the railway incident among other minor ones like the journey itself, the terrains and the insecurity. Lawrence the townsman (who is the main story teller and the one being taken on this tedious journey through harsh, unfriendly and uninhabitable land to go meet Sharraf) is relentless despite the rough terrain of this dessert to go find Sharraf and discuss undisclosed business. Since this land is very harsh not only from the unbearable weather which is marked by scotching sun, terrible winds and extreme heat, but also in terms of insecurity. There seems to be an ongoing war between the Arabs and the Turks. It is as a result of this insecurity that Lawrence hires several men to accompany him in his entourage for the sake of protection because a large number of these Arabs could easily defeat the Turks if they met them (and they did meet a group on their journey back from visiting Sharraf but they were few men and when they opened fire at Lawrence’s entourage, they got a dose of their own medicine and they saw that they were quickly outnumbered and they fled). Auda is the guide of the entourage as he is very familiar with that terrain despite it being a dessert. He is an interesting individual and very friendly towards Lawrence even trying to teach him their language which Lawrence is not very fluent in and hence cannot effectively communicate. The Arab scout’s familiarity with the area is also portrayed when he recalls the name of almost each and every place they pass during their journey which is quite interesting and amazing (Lawrence 164). The roughness of the dessert terrain with deep feet-sinking sand and rocks is an indication of how terrible that place is and it is no wonder the means or travel is through camels (in spite of the insecurity). In some locations, they have to go

How soda has negative effects on the body.. such as, obesity, sugars Research Paper

How soda has negative effects on the body.. such as, obesity, sugars etc - Research Paper Example Furthermore, continued extensive research has found that the continued consumption of soda does not only increase one’s waistline, but it also has other devastating effects on the human body (Thorndike, Sonnenberg, Riis, Barraclough and Levy 528). A just concluded study by the UCLA revealed that 62% of adolescents aged between 12 and 17 and 41% of kids aged between 2 and 11 years drank on average a single or more sodas in a day (Bubbling 9). This is seconded by the fact that sales of milk in 2009 were exceeded by almost $5 billion; with comparison data coming from the sales of carbonated beverages which averaged about $18.7 billion the same year (Bubbling 11). The high sales recorded in the carbonated beverages may be attributed to the fact that most, if not all, beverages are cheap and easily affordable by many, including children. The year 2000 saw a consumption of more than 15 billion gallons of soft drinks leaving every man, woman and child with a consumption rate of about one-12 ounce in a single day (Malik, Schulze and Hu 274). The increased consumption of soft drinks, mainly soda, in adolescents can be attributed to the fact that they feel they get more bang for their back by buying a super-size soda rather than an 8-ounce carton of milk with low fat content, about 1% (Malik, Schulze and Hu 275). ... This can be attributed to the easy trap posed by the insane overabundance of flavors and varieties of soft drinks. These flavors and varieties of drinks range from diet, regular, with or with no caffeine, to fruity drinks and a host of other energy drinks. Ludwig, Peterson and Gortmaker (505) believe that that the consumption of soda has a detrimental effect on weight control as a result of the additional calories provided by each sweetened soda and or soft drink. Another study revealed that a soda, for instance, Coke, can serve a whole seventeen teaspoonfuls of sugar in every twenty-oz serving. In addition, Sohn, Burt and Sowers (263) argue that a direct estimate or rather conversion of these teaspoons of sugar to calories estimates to about 240 calories that include 65g of sugar. Many argue that these amounts are insignificant but the major problem is persistent consumption of the drink. According to Thorndike et al. (532) consumption of, say, one or two sodas in a day as per the a verage estimates of the U.S and the trend continues for say a year will result in an accumulation of about 87,600 calories which when converted is around 25 pounds gained in just one year. For a person weighing 150 pounds, Ludwig, Peterson and Gortmaker (506) affirm that this increase will result in an increased disease risk of 16%. As a result, the possibility of one developing type-2 diabetes is increased as well due to the increased concentration and or consumption of sugars (Thorndike et al. 533). In children, the choices made regarding diet are believed to have a direct hand in the prevalence of insulin resistance. Other Risks. Weight control and obesity are not the only issues

Le sport comme support marketing

Le sport comme support marketing THESE: LE MARKETING SPORTIF Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? I. Champ de la recherche De nos jours, une entreprise a pour objectif premier de se positionner sur un marchà © en tentant de rà ©pondre au plus juste à   la demande de ses clients, qui sont de plus en plus exigeants. Le marketing est une fonction essentielle dans une organisation, il crà ©e de la valeur grà ¢ce à   de multiples techniques et stratà ©gies. Il permet dinfluencer le consommateur pour que celui-ci choisisse un produit ou un service plutà ´t quun autre. Le marketing constitue un outil indispensable à   lentreprise qui a vu son champ daction sà ©tendre considà ©rablement depuis ces dernià ¨res annà ©es. Jai choisi daxer mon choix sur le marketing appliquà © au secteur sportif. En effet, dans la socià ©tà © du XXIà ¨ sià ¨cle, le sport prend une place importante car il và ©hicule de nombreuses valeurs et gà ©nà ¨re, pour les entreprises, une forte puissance de communication. Depuis la moitià © du XIXà ¨me sià ¨cle, lapparition du sport moderne a permis de faire comprendre aux entreprises limportance de ce phà ©nomà ¨ne. Le sport occupe une place considà ©rable depuis larrivà ©e des lois sur larà ©duction du temps de travail. Les individus jouissent dà ¨s lors dun temps libre plus importante et peuvent pratiquer de nouveaux loisirs. Le mot  «sport », qui signifie  «divertissement » en anglais, fait prà ©cisà ©ment partie de ces loisirs. Le sport peut à ªtre pratiquà © individuellement ou collectivement et il sadresse à   tous, quel que soit là ¢ge, la catà ©gorie socioprofessionnelle, ou mà ªme, en quelque sorte, là ©tat de santà © de lindividu. En effet, il existe des sports pour les handicapà ©s. Selon la Charte Olympique,  «la pratique du sport est un droit de lhomme. Tout individu doit avoir la possibilità © de pratiquer le sport selon ses besoins ». Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Il existe un à ©ventail trà ¨s large dactività ©s physiques, permettant à   beaucoup de personnes dexercer un sport. Aujourdhui,le sport fait intà ©gralement partie de notre socià ©tà ©et il và ©hicule de nombreuses valeurs positives. Cest pourquoi il reprà ©sente un moteur à ©conomique important. Eichberg (1979) parle à ©galement de  «marchandisation  » du sport en ce sens que le commerce des articles de sport se dà ©veloppe de plus en plus. Face à   cette ampleur du sport dans notre socià ©tà ©, le marketing sest dà ©veloppà © progressivement. Cest le football qui fut le premier sport à   utiliser le marketing sportif avec larrivà ©e des joueurs professionnels. Ainsi, le sport est devenu un business à   part entià ¨re. Diffà ©rents acteurs utilisent le sport comme support marketing: Ø Les organismes sportifs: les ligues, les fà ©dà ©rations, les clubs peuvent à ªtre inclus. Ils mettent en place des stratà ©gies de marque qui permettent daugmenter leur notorià ©tà © et de vendre des produits dà ©rivà ©s. Les exemples les plus significatifs sont ceux des clubs de football comme lOlympique Lyonnais, le Paris Saint Germain†¦ Ø Les à ©quipementiers sportifs: ils sappuient sur le sport et les sportifs dans le but damà ©liorer leur image de marque et daugmenter les ventes. Les marques telles que Nike, Adidas et Reebok sont les plus connues du grand public. Ø Les mà ©dias sportifs: ils diffusentles à ©và ©nements sportifs et transmettent de linformation en relation directe avec le sport. Le quotidien lEquipe en est un exemple. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Aujourdhui, certaines marques nayant aucun lien direct avec le sport, utilisent pourtant celui-ci pour accroà ®tre leur image. En effet, les grands champions sont une valeur ajoutà ©e pour lentreprise car les consommateurs peuvent sidentifier en eux. Laure Manaudou, par exemple, est là ©gà ©rie de la marque Lancel, dans le secteur du luxe. II. Justification de la problà ©matique Le phà ©nomà ¨ne du sport a vu son image se transformer au cours de ses dernià ¨res annà ©es en passant de loisir à   business. Les entreprises ont compris que le sport pouvait les aider à   accroà ®tre leur notorià ©tà ©, à   modifier leur image, à   booster leurs ventes et donc à   augmenter leur chiffre daffaire. Le marketing sportif à ©tant un sujet trà ¨s large, je me suis intà ©ressà © à   la faà §on dont les marques pouvaient lutiliser. Les entreprises peuvent tout dabord utiliser le marketing sportif comme outil de communication, cest-à  -dire, tout ce qui constitue informations, messages ou signaux à ©mis par lentreprise en direction de ses publics. De multiples canaux de communication sont empruntà ©s dans le but de faire passer les messages : les mass mà ©dias, le packaging de lemballage des produits, les opà ©rations promotionnelles, les relations publiques, les à ©và ©nements, etc. Restà ©e longtemps marginale, la communication constitue dà ©sormais une des plus grosses parts du budget de la plupart des entreprises et elle occupe ainsi une place trà ¨s importante au sein des socià ©tà ©s. Considà ©rà ©e comme un investissement à   long terme, les techniques de communication ont beaucoup à ©voluà © au cours du XXà ¨ sià ¨cle pour devenir finalement irremplaà §ables. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Les marques utilisent gà ©nà ©ralement le sponsoring pour crà ©er un lien direct avec le consommateur. Le parrainage peut à ªtre soit tà ©là ©visà ©, soit directement avec le sportif ou une à ©quipe sportive. Le sponsoring sportif a plusieurs objectifs: Ø Tout dabord, le sponsoring permet de rendre une marque crà ©dible. Il contribue à   dà ©montrer la performance technique dun service ou dun produit qui intervient directement ou indirectement à   un à ©và ©nement. Par exemple, si un champion porte des baskets Nike lors de ces victoires, les spectateurs en dà ©duisent que les baskets sont de bonne qualità ©. Ø Une entreprise utilise le sponsoring pour augmenter sa notorià ©tà © aux yeux des consommateurs, voire pour modifier son image si celle-ci est dà ©tà ©riorà ©e. Ø Enfin, le sponsoring permet de dynamiser le rà ©seau de distribution dune entreprise en dà ©veloppant des partenariats dans le but daugmenter les ventes. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? III. Concepts: mots clà ©s Ø Le marketing Les premià ¨res notions arrivent au XVIIà ¨ et XVIIIà ¨ sià ¨cles en France et en Grande-Bretagne mais cette discipline reste rà ©cente. Elle fait son apparition au milieu du XXà ¨ sià ¨cle lors de la dà ©couverte de la socià ©tà © de consommation: les entreprises se multiplient et la concurrence sintensifie. Daprà ¨s le Mercator, le marketing peut se dà ©finir comme à ©tant  «leffort dadaptation des organisations à   des marchà ©s concurrentiels, pour influencer en leur faveur le comportement des publics dont elles dà ©pendent, par une offre dont la valeur perà §ue est durablement supà ©rieure à   celle des concurrents ». Le marketing se dà ©compose en quatre composantes (le marketing-mix): la politique de produit: consiste à   concevoir, organiser et renouveler ce que lentreprise vend à   ses clients. la politique de prix: lobjectif est de rà ©duire le prix pour à ªtre le plus attractif possible. la politique de communication: permet dinfluencer les attitudes et les comportements du consommateur. la politique de distribution: proposer le produit au bon endroit, en bonne quantità © et au bon moment. Le marketing constitue donc un effort dadaptation pour influencer les consommateurs dans leur acte dachat. Il est à ©galement ce qui permet de crà ©er de la valeur sur le long terme Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Ø Le sport Cette notion est apparue au cours du XVIIIà ¨ sià ¨cle, le mot dorigine anglaise signifiant divertissement, plaisir physique et ou de lesprit. Le sport est dà ©fini comme à ©tant une actività © physique codifià ©e et rà ©glementà ©e pouvant à ªtre individuelle ou collective. Il peut soit impliquer de participer à   des compà ©titions, soit de le pratiquer sous forme de loisir comme la randonnà ©e, le và ©lo, etc. Une multitude de sports pouvant convenir à   tous, le sport est donc inscrit comme un phà ©nomà ¨ne majeur dans nos socià ©tà ©s. Si certains sports (football, basket-ball, rugby, tennis, cyclisme†¦) sont davantage mà ©diatisà ©s que certains autres (curling, escrime, pà ªche, badminton, waterpolo†¦), le sport dans son ensemble est aujourdhui devenu une  « industrie  » à   part entià ¨re. La structure sur laquelle repose cette nouvelle industrie ainsi que les opportunità ©s de consommation quelle gà ©nà ¨re là ©gitiment lapproche marketing. Enfin, grà ¢ce aux valeurs positives quil và ©hicule naturellement, le sport peut rapidement devenir un trà ¨s bon vecteur de communication institutionnelle. Ø Le marketing sportif Il sagit dune dà ©clinaison du marketing ayant pour objectif dutiliser le sport, son image et ses acteurs au profit des produits et/ou de lentreprise. Daprà ¨s Michel DESBORDES le marketing sportif peut se dà ©finir comme à ©tant  «lensemble des outils et des mà ©thodes qui utilisent de faà §on directe ou indirecte le sport, son image et ses acteurs dans le but de susciter un besoin, de commercialiser un produit/servicequi rà ©ponde à   ce besoin et de le vendre ». Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Le marketing sportif est de plus en plus utilisà © par les entreprises pour augmenter leur notorià ©tà © et/ou modifier leur image.  « Si le marketing sportif peut permettre de crà ©er de nouvelles opportunità ©s dinnovation, soit en dà ©veloppant de nouveaux usages, soit en fiabilisant de nouvelles technologies, il permet aussi une meilleure diffusion de nouveaux produits dont linnovation est de nature plus incrà ©mentale  » observent Thierry Lardinoit et Emmanuelle Le Nagard. Ø Le sponsoring En trente ans, le sponsoring a beaucoup à ©voluà © tant au niveau de sa conception, que du point de vue opà ©rationnel et stratà ©gique. Il occupe donc aujourdhui une place prà ©pondà ©rante. On peut le dà ©finir comme à ©tant une technique de communication qui consiste pour une entreprise à   contribuer financià ¨rement, matà ©riellement et/ou techniquement à   une action sociale, culturelle ou sportive, à   lentraà ®nement dun sportif, etc. Il permet ainsi daccroà ®tre la notorià ©tà © des entreprises, damà ©liorer leur image dans loptique de retirer des bà ©nà ©fices mais aussi de rendre ses produits crà ©dibles. Le sponsoring sportif consiste pour une entreprise/marque à   apporter un soutien financier ou matà ©riel à   un à ©và ©nement, une fà ©dà ©ration ou une à ©quipe sportive. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Le sponsoring sportif vise à   persuader les publics assistant à   là ©và ©nement sportif dun lien existant entre cet à ©và ¨nement (ou sportif) et lentreprise qui communique. (Gary Tribou  «Sponsoring sportif » Ø Le produit sportif Bien que celui-ci reste difficile à   dà ©finir parce quil reprà ©sente une large produit, on peut le caractà ©riser comme ayant un lien sà ©mantique fort avec la pratique sportive. On peut donc inclure les và ªtements spà ©cifiques (baskets, joggings†¦), les matà ©riaux spà ©cifiques (perche, ski, manique†¦), les boissons et les aliments à ©nergisants. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Ø La marque Elle permet au consommateur de distinguer le produit ou service dune entreprise de ceux proposà ©s par la concurrence. La marque peut à ªtre matà ©rialisà ©e par un nom propre, un mot, une expression ou un symbole visuel. Grà ¢ce à   limage qui lui est associà ©e, la marque peut aider le consommateur à   justifier ses choix et ainsi à   à ªtre valorisà ©. De plus, la marque favorise la reconnaissance sociale des produits et simplifie lacte dachat rà ©pà ©titif. Tout un ensemble de signes permettent de reconnaà ®treune marque : Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Ø Notorià ©tà © Cest un facteur pour une marque, un produit ou une entreprise qui dà ©pend de la connaissance et de son degrà © de prà ©sence dans lesprit des individus. Les deux unità ©s de mesure sont la notorià ©tà © spontanà ©e (exemple :  «Citez une marque de và ªtement de sport ») et la notorià ©tà © assistà ©e (exemple dune liste de marques de và ªtements de sport: «lesquelles connaissez-vous? ») Ø Image de marque Limage dune entreprise, dune marque ou dun produit, correspond à   la faà §on dont celles-ci sont perà §ues par les consommateurs. Cette impression peut se dà ©terminer par des crità ¨res subjectifs (exemple : un produit de jeunes) ou par des crità ¨res objectifs (exemple : limage dun produit haut de gamme à   prix à ©levà ©). Selon Aaker (1994) limage de marque  «Ãƒ ©tant un ensemble dassociations, pouvant à ªtre affectives et cognitives, et quun individu va associer à   une marque. Une image de marque va alors se construire à   travers lexpà ©rience du consommateur face à   cette marque et/ou à   travers lexposition rà ©pà ©tà ©e à   la communication de la marque. » Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? IV. Synthà ¨se provisoire de littà ©rature Daprà ¨s les articles que jai lu, traitant du marketing sportif, trois hypothà ¨ses mont paru intà ©ressant à   dà ©gager afin de dà ©limiter les contours du sujet de cette thà ¨se et afin, par la suite, daboutir à   un rà ©sultat. Hypothà ¨se 1: Le sport est populaire. Le sport a toujours existà © : sauter, courir, nager sont des actività ©s qui existent depuis le dà ©but de lhumanità ©. Puis il sest dà ©veloppà © grà ¢ce aux Jeux-Olympique dans la Grà ¨ce antique. Cest, depuis quelques annà ©es, un phà ©nomà ¨ne majeur de nos socià ©tà ©s dans les domaines à ©conomiques, culturels et sociaux. Il est important de connaà ®tre sa nature et en particulier les aspects qui peuvent justifier un tel engouement de la part des individus. En effet, le sport apparaà ®t comme populaire et joue un rà ´le important dans la mondialisation. Souvent le pays ou la ville sont connus par les exploits de son à ©quipe de sport. Selon le sociologue du sport Jacques Defrance (1997),  « le sport remplit des fonctions symboliques et produit des figures de la communautà © dappartenance, de lexcellence individuelle et de la rà ©ussite  ». C. Bromberger (1995) va jusquà   parler de socià ©tà ©  « footballisà ©e  » pour suggà ©rer que les grands à ©và ©nements sportifs tendent à   devenir des rites communautaires. Le sport et là ©ducation partagent de nombreuses valeurs communes, comme lacquisition des savoirs, savoir-à ªtre et savoir-faire. Plus prà ©cisà ©ment, le sport contribue au dà ©veloppement des compà ©tences et à   la dà ©couverte de la tolà ©rance et de lesprit dà ©quipe. Il incite à ©galement au respect des lois et des rà ¨glements. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Pour rà ©sumer, le sport contribue, tout simplement, à   lapprentissage de la vie citoyenne. Ce constat rà ©sulte dun rà ©el dà ©veloppement des actività ©s sportives, notamment pour les plus jeunes. Au-delà   de la dimension citoyenne quil incarne à   là ©cole ou encore dans les salles de sports des quartiers populaires, le sport và ©hicule des valeurs traditionnelles et morales telles que le goà »t de leffort, la loyautà © et le respect de lautre. Le sport enseigne le savoir-vivre ensemble à   toutes les personnes qui sy adonnent. Les pratiques sportives favorisent aussi les relations intergà ©nà ©rationnelles, linsertion sociale et lintà ©gration dans une socià ©tà © donnà ©e. Quil sagisse de la pratique de haut niveau ou de la pratique damateur, lenjeu sportif est majeur. Le sport amà ¨ne au dà ©passement de soi et à   là ©panouissement personnel lors des compà ©titions ou dentrainements. Les valeurs apportà ©es par le sport sont la fraternità ©, lesprit de solidarità ©, laltruisme et la gà ©nà ©rosità ©. Lesprit dà ©quipe est souvent perà §u positivement en sport : lorsque là ©quipe gagne, lindividu gagne aussi. Les individus pratiquent un sport plus quun autre selon là ¢ge et le niveau de vie. Il y a 78% des Franà §ais pratiquent une actività © physique et les taux de sportifs ne cessent daugmenter. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Tableau à ©volution des effectifs des fà ©dà ©rations (Desbordes M., Ohl F., Tribou G.  «Le marketing du sport », 2eme à ©dition, 2001). Discipline Licences en 1995 Licences en 1997 Evolution en % Canoà «-kayak Sports de glace Badminton Equitation Gymnastique Judo Golf Volley-ball Natation Athlà ©tisme Football Boxe 26 068 39 106 36 879 325 452 162 225 489074 236864 91029 167929 147932 2055610 15 488 86 072 63265 51 646 367323 182390 543016 261058 100545 179578 152769 2056684 15 484 + 233% + 62% + 40 % + 13% + 12% + 11% + 10% + 10% + 7% + 3% 0% 0% De plus, le sport est populaire par le spectacle quil offre : les individus vont regarder un match de football comme ils vont voir un chanteur sur scà ¨ne. Je ne suis pas sà »re que ce soit vraiment comparable. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Le sport est passà © de loisir à   business en quelques annà ©es, et son marchà © global en France est de 28,6 milliards dEuros. Aujourdhui, les consommateurs dà ©tournent les produits sportifs et font souvent des usages non sportifs de ces biens. Ils achà ¨tent des joggings et des baskets pour les porter tous les jours et non uniquement pour faire du sport. Seulement 46% des baskets et 34% des và ªtements sportifs sont rà ©ellement utilisà ©s pour faire du sport. Le sport nest donc plus seulement une pratique mais un à ©tat desprit et de nos jours à   une vraie  «sportisation » se met en place au sein de la socià ©tà ©. Par exemple, les hommes prà ©fà ¨rent porter des polos plutà ´t que des chemises. Quelle influence les valeurs và ©hiculà ©es par le sport ont-elles sur les consommateurs? Le sport diffuse ses valeurs propres mais il devient de plus en plus violent et dà ©passe certaines limites. Les matchs de football, par exemple, ressemblent à   un affrontement entre les supporters. Il serait donc intà ©ressant de savoir si les dà ©rives du sport nauront pas dinfluence sur le marchà ©. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Hypothà ¨se 2: Le sponsoring sportif est un support marketing pertinent. Le sponsoring sportif remonte aux temps de la Grà ¨ce et de la Rome antiques. A cette à ©poque, les individus exploitaient dà ©jà   les Jeux romains comme outil de commerce. Cà ©sar lui-mà ªme avait fait sa propre publicità © / campagne dans le but de gagner des votes en finanà §ant des combats de gladiateurs en 65 av. J.-C. Il à ©tait totalement conscient des retombà ©es que ce financement pouvait lui procurer. Les entreprises utilisent le sport comme support marketing et surtout comme outil de communication. Depuis la moitià © du XIXà ¨me, lapparition du sport moderne a permis de faire comprendre aux entreprises la puissance de communication de ce phà ©nomà ¨ne. En effet, lassociation dunemarqueou dune entreprise à   une compà ©tition, un à ©và ¨nement sportif, un club voire un sportif professionnel, permet davoir des retombà ©es mà ©diatiques importantes et donc dattirer le consommateur. Si le sponsoring existe dans le sport, cest parce quil và ©hicule des valeurs qui permettent aux marques de mettre en place des stratà ©gies pour augmenter leur notorià ©tà © et modifier ainsi leurimagede marque. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Le sport arrive en premià ¨re position à   la question  «Que parrainent les entreprises ? »: (Tableau de Westphalen M.-H. (2003), Le Communicator, Paris, Bordas, p. 347) Dans quel domaine pratiquez-vous le parrainage? Dans quel domaine envisager-vous de le pratiquer dans lavenir? Sport Culture Social-humanitaire Programmes audiovisuels Education formation Environnement Patrimoine Sciences et techniques Exploit-aventure 55% 44% 37% 30% 26% 19% 17% 13% 10% 58% 47% 40% 21% 31% 37% 17% 17% 13% Le sponsor utilise la communication par le sport pour poursuivre diffà ©rents objectifs: augmenter sa notorià ©tà © et se faire connaà ®tre du grand public en informant sur sa marque, son nom, son produit ; avoir un objectif conatif, cest-à  -dire à ªtre apprà ©cià © du public, và ©hiculer une image positive du produit, de la marque ou de lorganisation ; Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? avoir une influence sur le comportement du consommateur, linciter à   acheter, le faire venir dans le magasin ; motiver son personnel, lamener à   se rassembler autour dun mà ªme projet et donc favoriser un esprit dà ©quipe ou une culture dentreprise. Le sport est aussi un moyen datteindre un public mondial et il est adaptà © à   la rà ©alisation de divers objectifs de marketing, tels que: populariser davantage la marque et sensibiliser le public; changer le profil de la marque; ce qui veut dire? renforcer la marque / produit ; crà ©er une reconnaissance mondiale des produits ; attirer des nouveaux segments de marchà ©; dà ©velopper le rà ©seau de distribution; Le sponsoring est donc un outil marketing au service de la marque et il permet un aux consommateurs ciblà ©s de sen rapprocher. Les sponsors veulent montrer que leurs produits sont de bonne qualità © grà ¢ce à   la preuve produit: à ªtre là ©quipementier dune à ©quipe qui gagne ou le fournisseur officiel dun à ©và ©nement qui rà ©ussit prouve que le produit est crà ©dible. Par exemple, dà ¨s 1981, Michelin, offre des pneus aux coureurs cyclistes et aux pilotes dautomobiles ou encore, Festina qui assure le chronomà ©trage du Tour de France. Les sponsors doivent veiller à   revoir leurs stratà ©gies avant chaque à ©và ©nement parce quen cas de contre-performance du sportif ou de là ©quipe de sport, les ventes de la marque peuvent diminuer. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Linvestissement dans le sponsoring sportif est devenu un levier stratà ©gique de croissance pour les entreprises. Les athlà ¨tes eux-mà ªmes sont devenus, surtout depuis la  « Zidanemania  » post 1998, des icà ´nes de socià ©tà © et des porte-paroles efficaces pour les marques. Maintenant, il est difficile pour un consommateur de retenir les nombreuses marques qui sponsorisent les à ©và ©nements sportifs. Comment une marque peut-elle faire pour attirer plus encore lattention du consommateur et rester concurrentielle ? Cette question se pose aussi en ce qui concerne les marques nagissant pas dans le mà ªme secteur. Existe-il plusieurs types de sponsoring sportif? Il serait intà ©ressant, à ©galement, de savoir quels sont les retours sur investissement de natureà ©conomique mais aussi symbolique. Sur le plan à ©conomique, le sponsoring permet de faire augmenter lechiffre daffaireou la part demarchà ©de lentreprise à   plus ou moins long terme. Les indicateurs pour rà ©aliser ces calculs sont assez faciles à   mettre en place. Nà ©anmoins, la part que joue le sponsoring dans les rà ©sultats à ©conomiques est plus difficile à   dà ©terminer. Le sport và ©hicule un certain nombre de valeurs et est devenu un à ©là ©ment important dans lacte dachat du consommateur. Ainsi, sassocier à   un à ©và ¨nement sportif qui và ©hicule des valeurs positives, cest donner à   sa marque une valeur affective. Afin de calculer le rà ©el impact dun sponsor, il faut effectuer des sondages avant et aprà ¨s là ©và ¨nement. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Hypothà ¨se 3: Limage de marque est primordiale pour lentreprise. Limage permet de crà ©er de la valeur pour la marque pour diffà ©rentes raisons: aider le consommateur dans son acte dachat à   traiter linformation quil reà §oit.En effet, une image ou un logo synthà ©tise un ensemble de caractà ©ristiques. Ceci facilite la communication de lentreprise; fournir aux entreprises un avantage commercial compà ©titif et permettre à   celles-ci de se diffà ©rencier de leurs concurrents ; donner au consommateur des raisons dacheter; -dà ©velopper des attitudes positivesen associant des personnages, des symboles à   la communication de la marque ; permettre daider à   la crà ©ation dextension de marques(des traits dimage, peuvent aider une extension par la cohà ©rence existante entre la marque et le nouveau produit). Les marques utilisent les sportifs comme des leaders dopinion car ce sont les personnalità ©s les plus apprà ©cià ©es du grand public notamment pour leurs valeurs / qualità ©s humaines. Le choix de lactività © sportive par le sponsor sopà ¨re en fonction du coà »t, du temps imparti et de la concurrence. Le choix du sportif en lui-mà ªme relà ¨ve de la stratà ©gie retenue par lentreprise. On peut prendre lexemple de Lacoste et dAdidas qui sponsorisent tous les deux des tennismen. Lacoste choisit des athlà ¨tes dont la rà ©putation est dà ªtre  «sages » pour correspondre à   limage de la marque alors quAdidas va plutà ´t choisir des athlà ¨tes plus turbulents mais cosmopolites. Pour les sponsors, il est important de choisir un sportif qui và ©hicule limage de la marque. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? La popularità © des sportifs est un atout dont les publicitaires ne peuvent se passer. Les diffà ©rentes marques sponsorisent les plus grands sportifs de la planà ¨te pour vanter les mà ©rites de leurs produits. Cependant, le pouvoir mà ©diatique des sportifs est tellement important, que certaines marques utilisent leur image pour vendre des produits qui nont pas de relation directe avec le sport. Les publicitaires utilisent alors certaines des valeurs và ©hiculà ©es par le sport : courage et dà ©passement de soi, esprit collectif, dynamisme, performance et esprit de compà ©tition, etc Tony Estanguet, champion Olympique de kayac, vente alors les mà ©rites du fournisseur en à ©lectricità ©. La relation entre celui-ci et les centrales hydrauliques est pourtant loin dà ªtre à ©vidente. Nà ©anmoins, il existe un bà ©nà ©fice pour les deux parties: pour le kayakiste qui na pas les retombà ©es financià ¨res et mà ©diatiques dun footballeur et pour lannonceur qui se sert de leffet post Jeux-Olympiques. Cela apparaà ®t comme contradictoire lorsque les sportifs vantent les mà ©rites de produits qui sont dà ©conseillà ©s aux sportifs de haut niveau. Ce ne sont sà »rement pas les bonbons Haribo, Macdonald (fournisseur officiel des Jeux-Olympiques), les boissons sucrà ©es qui permettent aux sportifs dà ªtre plus forts. On peut se demander si avec la montà ©e de lobà ©sità ©, ces sponsors sont une solution. Autrefois, mà ªme les marques de tabac et dalcool à ©taient des sponsors pour des à ©quipes de sport ou des sportifs. Il est parfois hypocrite pour une marque dutiliser un produit qui est dangereux pour la santà © tout en promouvant une actività © qui donne un exemple de vie saine et convenable. Les marques dà ©jà   connues se permettent de sponsoriser un à ©và ©nement sportif, une à ©quipe de sport ou un sportif alors quelles nont rien à   voir avec le sport. En revanche, il est apparu que les marques peu connues devaient avoir un lien avec le sport. Tout dà ©pend donc de la là ©gitimità © de la marque dans lunivers du sport. Il serait intà ©ressant de savoir comment les sponsors choisissent les sportifs pour và ©hiculer les valeurs de leur marque et quels sont les facteurs clà ©s de succà ¨s. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? V. Plan provisoire I. Du sport au Marketing 1.Evolution du sport 2. Evolution du marketing 3. Le marketing sportif II. Le sponsoring sportif 1. Outil de communication 2. Les objectifs 3. Limites III. Le sponsoring sportif dans le milieu du luxe 1. Marchà © du luxe 2. Les marques de luxe et le sponsoring sportif IV. Conclusion (Pour la partie III, jaimerais lorienter en fonction de mon stage en alternance) Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? VI. Mà ©thodologie danalyse terrain Aprà ¨s avoir và ©rifià © mes hypothà ¨ses grà ¢ce à   mes lectures, je dois, à   travers des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives, les tester sur le terrain, cest-à  -dire en milieu concret. Tout dabord, avant dexpliquer la mà ©thodologie retenue, voici les dà ©finitions dune analyse qualitative, puis dune analyse quantitative. Analyse qualitative:  «Etude destinà ©e à   comprendre des attitudes ou comportement dutilisateurs, de prospects ou de clients face à   un produit, un service ou une marque, menà ©e par le biais dentretiens individuels ou collectifs en petit nombre, en rà ©coltant des informations et à ©là ©ments qualitatifs, gà ©nà ©ralement non chiffrables. » Source: http://www.marketing-etudiant.fr/definitions/e/etude-qualitative.php Analyse quantitative:  «Collecte dinformations permettant là ©tude des comportements, attentes ou opinions rà ©alisà ©e auprà ¨s dun à ©chantillon de la population et dont les rà ©sultats chiffrà ©s sont ensuite extrapolà ©s à   lensemble de la population à ©tudià ©e. » Source: http://www.marketing-etudiant.fr/definitions/e/etude-quantitative.php Dans le but de và ©rifier les trois hypothà ¨ses formulà ©es prà ©cà ©demment, jaimerais interviewer des spà ©cialistes du marketing sportif, des sponsors, des sportifs de haut-niveau et des consommateurs. Comment les marques utilisent-elles le sport comme support marketing? Pour lhypothà ¨se 1: il serait intà ©ressant de questionner une trentaine de personnes (par le biais dun questionnaire), pratiquant le sport, et qui sont à ¢gà ©es de 10 à   60 ans. Ceci me permettrait de mieux connaà ®tre leurs reprà ©sentations sur le monde du sport (savoir, par exemple, quelles sont les valeurs và ©hiculà ©es par le sport selon eux) ainsi que leurs pratiques (pourquoi ils pratiquent le sport, quel sport, à   quel frà ©quence). Les non sportifs aussi pourront à ªtre interrogà ©s afin de savoir pourquoi ils ne pratiquent pas de sport, sils regardent quand mà ªme le sport à   la tà ©là ©vision†¦ Pour lhypothà ¨se 2: Jaimerais interviewer Thierry Lardinoit, spà ©cialiste du marketing sportif. De plus, jaimerais faire des à ©tudes avant et aprà ¨s un à ©và ©nement sportif pour calculer le rà ©el retour sur investissement dune marque qui le sponsorise. Je pense quil serait aussi intà ©ressant davoir lavi

Graduation Speech: Its All About Time :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

A long time ago in what seems like another lifetime, we were once little children watching the blinking TV while we sat eating Mac and Cheese without a care in the world. So much time has passed since then, how quickly time flies. Now, instead of walking to the bus for our first day of kindergarten, we are walking across this stage for our diplomas - I think everyone will agree that it's all about time. We all need to "Make time, save time, spend time." Time can move pretty quickly as you look back on your life, or pretty slowly depending on which class you are in third period as you watch those bright red numbers change so slowly it seems as if the whole world has stopped turning. I believe that this adage of making time, saving time and spending time is important to us now as we venture forth on this crazy adventure called "life after high school." It can be extremely difficult to make time for everything you want or need to do. I think Bill Waterson, the creator of "Calvin and Hobbes," said it best: "There's never enough time to do all the nothing we want." He must have been very familiar with teenagers, and it's true; we need to be organized, we need to set priorities and goals. Now for those of you who have done that and know exactly what you want to do with your life, that's awesome but that doesn't mean that you can stop setting goals to be a better person. Because, as we all know, we must be life-long learners and must continue to set goals, and when we achieve them we must evaluate them and then set new goals. You won't be able to do everything you'll want to do so, don't waste any time doing nothing. However, for those of you like me who have no idea what you want to do and are being dragged, kicking and screaming into the real world, nothing sounds pretty good. Instead we need to start small like in the movie "What about Bob?" We need to take baby steps out of the office, then baby steps down the hall and baby steps all the way outside until eventually we will reach our home. But, deciding to live each day to the fullest and grasping every opportunity with both hands is a good way to start.

Baby boom Critique

â€Å"Baby Boom†, is a heartfelt and comical movie in one. J. C. Wiatt played by (Diane Keaton), is a woman of a fast paced lifestyle dedicated to her profession working 75-80 hours a week. J. C has no time to spare for her personal or romantic life, or relaxation time for that matter with her schedule. (The film shows J. C. and her live-in mate, played by Harold Ram's, grudgingly allocating four minutes for sex one evening before going right back to their reading (â€Å"Movie Review – Baby Boom – Film: ‘Baby Boom' – NYTimes. com†, n. d. ).This movie goes from a career driven women who scared everyone, to a mother in the country who now shows fear. J. C. Wiatt is a workaholic whose sole focus in life is her Job, until she is faced with a very hard decision, work or motherhood. Attachment theory is clearly shown in this film between J. C, and Elizabeth the baby she inherited from her cousins who died in England. Attachment Oohn Bowlby, 1969), i s the strong affectionate tie we have with special people in our lives that leads us to feel pleasure when we interact with them and to be comforted by their nearness in times of stress (Berk, pg. 9). Ethological theory of attachment, which recognizes the infant's emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival, is the most widely accepted view by John Bowlby (Berk, pg. 150). Elizabeth expresses attachment theory when she is separated from J. C on several occasions, such as when Harold Ramis comes home and Elizabeth is fearful (stranger to her). Also, when J. C leaves her at the coat check-in and offers the attendant a large tip to keep her quiet for one hour, Elizabeth did not settle and cried until J. C was in sight again and held her.J. C shows clear and obvious ties to attachment theory as well. J. C never expected to take on the parenting role, she had plans on becoming partner in her company she was employed at and devoting more of her time that sh e barely had already. Once left with Elizabeth at the airport with no other chose, but to keep her until she could make arrangements and put her up for adoption. However, she now had to keep Elizabeth for two days before the adoption would take place. She had no clue how to raise or tend to an infant this was no easy task for J.C. Few examples of being clueless, resorted to using tape to keep iaper on when she failed on â€Å"several† attempts, gave her a bowl of linguine to eat, which let to a huge mess, as well as spraying the infant with cleaning solution. However, things did start to improve and she was catching on to some reassuring attemp ts that wor ed. k During this time Elizabeth got sick and J C started to master some of the parenting skills she never thought she would. She took babys temperature and gave her medicine to bring down her fever. J. C. aced the hallway back and forth to comfort Elizabeth while she tried to calm and fall asleep. J. C. slept ith Elizabeth and stayed near her to make her feel safe â€Å"secure base†. This serves as an internal working model, or set of expectations about the availability of attachment fgures and their likelihood of providing support during times of stress (Berk, pg. 150). After these two days together, waiting the adoption day J. C. and Elizabeth developed a strong emotional tie (attachment). The day comes to give Elizabeth up for adoption J.C and she shows empathy now that its time to say goodbye. The adoptive parents did not seem right for Elizabeth, J. C. says goodbye as Elizabeth is crying and leaves. She made it maybe ten paces away from the door before she turned around and forfeited the adoption, she became to attached to Elizabeth and developed the emotional bond of needing to keep her safe and look after her herself, not some strangers! She tried to balance her work and keeping Elizabeth, but it was tough ad she was very insecure with any babysitter/nanny she left Elizabeth with.She wa s a nervous wreck and found it very hard to leave Elizabeth for long periods now. She made a huge decision and left her cozy high paying Job, packed up and moved to Vermont (in the country). There was no plan other than to spend time with Elizabeth and raise her in a more laidback, slow paced life style. This is were a lot of the comical parts of the movie took place, because J. C. was a city girl, and each day was a new challenge and accomplishment. J. C. started making applesauce from her harvest of apples on her land, which turned out to a booming baby food business.Now, she has an offer to be back part of the city life and make millions to sell her baby food business. J. C. finds this so exciting and cant wait to meet with the company and work out a package, as she is in the building where she orked prior, in the bathroom looking in the mirror, repeats â€Å"I'm back, I'm back. However, as she heads back towards the conference room to give her decision, she see's everyone racin g frantically and are remembering what she will give up with this decision.J. C runs her business at her pace, around her schedule, is her own boss, has a crib and a mobile in her office in Vermont, where Elizabeth is apart of her day the whole while. She turns down the millions of dollars and the city life she once loved, all for Elizabeth she was extremely attached and she had new priorities.